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虚拟语气经常在宾语从句中出现,本文主要谈谈常见的出现虚拟语气的宾语从句。
1. 英语中, wish之后的宾语从句,表示一种没有实现或根本不可能实现的愿望,常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为:
(1) 所希望的事情发生在主句动作之前,虚拟语气结构为had + 过去分词或would/could/might/should + have + 过去分词。 例如:
I wish I had been there with them last week. 我希望上周跟他们一起在那儿。
(2) 所希望的事情与主句动作同时发生,宾语从句中虚拟语气的动词用过去时(be用were)。 例如:
I wish I learnt English well. 我希望我已学好了英语。
(3) 所希望的事情发生在主句动作之后,宾语从句中虚拟语气的动词用would/could/might/should + 原形动词。例如:
He wishes we could go and play games with him. 他希望我们能去跟他做游戏。
2. 英语中,如advise, ask, demand, desire, decide, insist(坚决要求), order, propose, request, suggest(建议)等表示请求、要求、命令或建议等意义的动词所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气,其虚拟语气的结构为:(should) + 原形动词。例如:
The teacher advised that we should make good use of every minute here. 老师劝我们要好好地利用在这儿的每一分钟。
The Party asked that we should serve the people with our heart and soul. 党要求我们要全心全意地为人民服务。
但是,当insist的意思为“坚决认为,坚持说”; suggest的意思为“表明,暗含,暗示”等时,宾语从句一般不用虚拟语气。例如:
Tom insisted that he hadn??t stolen the watch. 汤姆坚持说他没有偷那块手表。
His smile suggested that he had succeeded in this exam. 他的微笑表明他在考试中成功了。
3. believe, expect, suspect, think, imagine等动词的否定句或疑问句中的宾语从句常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为: should + 原形动词。例如:
Can you believe that he should kill a tiger? 你能相信他竟然杀死了一只老虎吗?
Can you imagine that he should take the first place in the long jump contest? 你能想象得到他在跳远比赛中竟获得了第一名吗?
4. 英语中, would rather, had rather, would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望,故使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为:
例如:
I??d rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。
I??d rather you were here now. 我倒想你现在在这儿。
We??d rather you went there tomorrow. 我们倒想你明天去那儿。
1. 英语中, wish之后的宾语从句,表示一种没有实现或根本不可能实现的愿望,常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为:
(1) 所希望的事情发生在主句动作之前,虚拟语气结构为had + 过去分词或would/could/might/should + have + 过去分词。 例如:
I wish I had been there with them last week. 我希望上周跟他们一起在那儿。
(2) 所希望的事情与主句动作同时发生,宾语从句中虚拟语气的动词用过去时(be用were)。 例如:
I wish I learnt English well. 我希望我已学好了英语。
(3) 所希望的事情发生在主句动作之后,宾语从句中虚拟语气的动词用would/could/might/should + 原形动词。例如:
He wishes we could go and play games with him. 他希望我们能去跟他做游戏。
2. 英语中,如advise, ask, demand, desire, decide, insist(坚决要求), order, propose, request, suggest(建议)等表示请求、要求、命令或建议等意义的动词所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气,其虚拟语气的结构为:(should) + 原形动词。例如:
The teacher advised that we should make good use of every minute here. 老师劝我们要好好地利用在这儿的每一分钟。
The Party asked that we should serve the people with our heart and soul. 党要求我们要全心全意地为人民服务。
但是,当insist的意思为“坚决认为,坚持说”; suggest的意思为“表明,暗含,暗示”等时,宾语从句一般不用虚拟语气。例如:
Tom insisted that he hadn??t stolen the watch. 汤姆坚持说他没有偷那块手表。
His smile suggested that he had succeeded in this exam. 他的微笑表明他在考试中成功了。
3. believe, expect, suspect, think, imagine等动词的否定句或疑问句中的宾语从句常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为: should + 原形动词。例如:
Can you believe that he should kill a tiger? 你能相信他竟然杀死了一只老虎吗?
Can you imagine that he should take the first place in the long jump contest? 你能想象得到他在跳远比赛中竟获得了第一名吗?
4. 英语中, would rather, had rather, would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望,故使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为:
例如:
I??d rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。
I??d rather you were here now. 我倒想你现在在这儿。
We??d rather you went there tomorrow. 我们倒想你明天去那儿。