近年来农民医疗费用的攀升远超过了实际平均收入的增长,越来越多的农民无力承担医疗费用。“因病致贫、因病返贫”的现象普遍。文章分析了这一制度存在的缺陷,指出要根除这些缺陷和弊端,为了完成制度化的稳定建设,可以从经济学和社会保障等理论层面分析了新农合在制度目标、制度机制、制度内容、制度环境等方面的缺陷,从实际层面对这些制度性缺陷所造成的主要问题进行了分析,提出了改进我国新农合制度的方向和总体思路。 In recent years, peasants’ medical costs have risen far beyond the actual average income growth, and more and more peasants can not afford medical expenses. “Poverty due to illness, return to poverty due to illness ” phenomenon is widespread. The article analyzes the shortcomings of this system, points out that to eradicate these shortcomings and drawbacks, in order to complete the institutionalization of the stable construction, from the perspective of economics and social security theory analysis of the new rural cooperative medical system in the system objectives, institutional mechanisms, system content , Institutional environment and other aspects of the flaws, from the practical level of these institutional defects caused by the main problems were analyzed and put forward to improve China’s new rural cooperative medical system, the direction and general idea.