中国自 1994年 10月以后 ,成功地阻断了脊髓灰质炎 (脊灰 )野病毒在自然环境中的传播 ,虽然云南、青海两省发现过由境外输入的脊灰野病毒病例或输入的脊灰野病毒引起的病例 ,但并未出现由此引发的第二代病例。与此同时 ,全国对每年 5 0 0 0多例急性弛缓性麻痹 (AFP)病例的病毒学监测发现 ,脊灰Ⅱ型疫苗病毒株的分离数逐年增加 ,1994年Ⅱ型株第一次超过了Ⅰ型或Ⅲ型株 ,1997年以来 (除 2 0 0 0年外 )Ⅱ型株多于Ⅰ型加Ⅲ型株之和。同时在病毒基因编码区VP1和 3D区的分析表明 ,中国Ⅱ型病毒株有接近半数均为在 3D基因编码区与不同型别的疫苗重组脊灰病毒 (VRPV)。VRPV ,特别是Ⅱ型VRPV ,除个别北方省份外 ,在全国大部分地区均有发现。序列分析表明 ,除在江苏、贵州、云南省发现过疫苗衍生脊灰病毒 (VDPV)外 ,大部分病毒在基因序列VP1段与脊灰疫苗参考株的差异率均 <1% ,表明VDPV虽然在中国有过局限性的循环 ,但并非优势型别株。占优势的是Ⅱ型VR PV ,这一类病毒是否能引起脊灰流行是共同关切的问题。该文就中国Ⅱ型VRPV的性状做了分析 ,并探讨了其发展趋势。 Since October 1994, China has succeeded in blocking the transmission of poliomyelitis (polio) wild virus in the natural environment. Although Yunnan and Qinghai provinces have found cases of poliovirus imported from overseas or imported poliovirus Virus-induced cases, but did not appear to lead to the second generation of cases. In the meantime, the virological surveillance of more than 500 AFP cases per year across the country found that the number of isolates of the poliovirus type II vaccine increased year by year. For the first time in 1994, type II strains exceeded Type I or type III strains since 1997 (except 2000) type II strains more than type I and type III and the total. Analysis of VP1 and 3D regions in the coding region of the viral genes showed that nearly half of all Chinese type II strains were VRPV in the 3D gene coding region and different types of vaccine. VRPV, especially type II VRPV, has been found in most parts of the country except for some northern provinces. Sequence analysis showed that except for the vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) in Jiangsu, Guizhou and Yunnan provinces, most of the viruses showed a difference of less than 1% in the VP1 segment of the gene sequence and the reference strains of the poliovirus vaccine, indicating that VDPV China has had a cycle of limitations, but it is not a dominant type of strain. Predominantly type II VR PV, whether this type of virus can cause the epidemic of polio is a common concern. This article analyzes the traits of Chinese type II VRPV and explores its development trend.