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目的探讨重庆丰都县学龄儿童高血压的发生与营养的关系。方法采用整群随机抽样方法,选取重庆丰都县2所公立小学且户籍为该学校所在街道的8 033名儿童作为研究对象,进行身高、体重和血压测定,采用半定量食物频率问卷进行膳食调查,分析体重指数(BMI)、膳食营养素与儿童高血压发生的关系。结果最终纳入7 538名儿童进行分析,肥胖、超重、高血压检出率分别为9.11%、12.27%、11.83%;肥胖、超重儿童中高血压检出率分别为33.62%、17.84%,分别是正常儿童的4.02、2.13倍。Logistic多因素逐步回归分析显示,钙、钠摄入增加会增加高血压发生的风险(分别OR=1.003、1.002),而铁、单位体重钙摄入增加会降低高血压发生的风险(分别OR=0.979、0.926)。结论重庆丰都县学龄儿童高血压、肥胖流行趋势严峻,BMI和膳食营养素与儿童高血压发生密切相关,需积极控制儿童体重、调整饮食结构、限制钠摄入,以降低儿童高血压的发生。
Objective To investigate the relationship between hypertension and nutrition in school-age children in Fengdu County of Chongqing. Methods A total of 8 033 children from 2 public primary schools in Fengdu County of Chongqing were enrolled in this study. Height, weight and blood pressure were measured. Semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire , Analysis of body mass index (BMI), dietary nutrients and the relationship between hypertension in children. Results The final analysis included 7 538 children. The detection rates of obesity, overweight and hypertension were 9.11%, 12.27% and 11.83% respectively. The prevalence of hypertension in obese and overweight children was 33.62% and 17.84% respectively, which were normal Children 4.02,2.13 times. Logistic regression analysis showed that the increase of calcium and sodium increased the risk of hypertension (OR = 1.003, 1.002 respectively), while the increase of iron and body weight calcium intake reduced the risk of hypertension (OR = 0.979, 0.926). Conclusions The trend of prevalence of hypertension and obesity in school-age children in Fengdu County of Chongqing is severe. BMI and dietary nutrients are closely related to children’s hypertension. Children’s body weight, dietary structure and sodium intake should be adjusted actively to reduce the incidence of hypertension in children.