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目的探究乙肝疫苗纳入计划免疫对海口市儿童乙肝病毒感染的影响。方法采用分层多阶段随机抽样法从海口市的各小区各家庭随机选取1~15岁城市儿童,选取于2002年之前(乙肝疫苗纳入计划免疫前)出生的512名城市儿童为对照组,于2002年之后(乙肝疫苗纳入计划免疫后)出生的806名城市儿童为观察组;统计两组儿童接种免疫的情况,观察组运用酶联免疫吸附剂测定(ELISA)方法测定儿童血清中乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)、乙肝病毒表面抗体(抗-HBs)和乙肝病毒核心抗体(抗-HBc)的阳性情况,计算两组儿童乙肝病毒感染情况。结果乙肝疫苗纳入计划免疫后的城市儿童首针及时接种率、全程接种率、全程及时接种率优于对照组(P<0.05);乙肝疫苗纳入计划免疫前儿童的抗-HBs阳性率较低,观察组免疫效果较好(P<0.05);乙肝疫苗纳入计划免疫后儿童的HBsAg阳性率和抗-HBc的阳性率降低,观察组的乙肝病毒携带率降低(P<0.05);乙肝疫苗纳入计划免疫后的儿童乙肝病毒感染率为5.71%,相比于乙肝疫苗纳入计划免疫前显著降低(P<0.05)。结论乙肝疫苗纳入计划免疫利于儿童及时全面接种免疫,减少了乙肝病毒携带情况,降低了乙肝病毒感染率,有利于对乙肝进行预防和控制。
Objective To investigate the effects of hepatitis B vaccine (BSA) vaccination on hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in children in Haikou City. Methods A stratified multistage random sampling method was used to select randomly selected urban children aged from 1 to 15 years from each household in each district in Haikou City. 512 urban children born before 2002 (before hepatitis B vaccine was included in the planned immunization) were selected as the control group. Eighty-six city-born children born after 2002 were enrolled in the study. The immunization status of two groups of children was statistically analyzed. In the observation group, the level of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in children serum was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (HBsAg), hepatitis B virus surface antibody (anti-HBs) and hepatitis B virus core antibody (anti-HBc) positive cases, the two groups of children with hepatitis B virus infection were calculated. Results Hepatitis B vaccine was better than that of the control group (P <0.05). The positive rate of anti-HBs in pre-immunization of hepatitis B vaccine was lower, (P <0.05). The HBsAg positive rate and the anti-HBc positive rate in the children immunized with hepatitis B vaccine were lower than those in the control group (P <0.05). The hepatitis B vaccine included in the plan Post-immunization children had a hepatitis B virus infection rate of 5.71%, which was significantly lower than that of the pre-immunization hepatitis B vaccine (P <0.05). Conclusion The inclusion of hepatitis B vaccine in planned immunization is beneficial to the timely and comprehensive vaccination of children, reducing the incidence of hepatitis B virus infection, reducing the rate of hepatitis B virus infection, and preventing and controlling hepatitis B infection.