目的了解重庆市3～12岁儿童蛲虫感染情况,并分析其影响因素。方法选择重庆市城区和农村各1个区作为调查点,分别按东、西、南、北、中抽取1个乡(镇、街道),每个乡(镇、街道)抽取150名3～12岁儿童作为调查对象。采用圆底试管透明胶纸肛拭法,定性检查蛲虫卵。同时对其个人卫生情况、父母文化程度等因素进行问卷调查。结果1 592名儿童蛲虫感染率为6.85%,其中男、女性感染率分别为6.29%、7.40%;城区和农村感染率分别为2.14%、12.13%;以5～7岁组感染率最高,为13.56%。不同年龄、地区、父母文化程度和职业、饭前便后是否洗手、教室地面、是否寄托等因素的儿童蛲虫感染率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,年龄、地区、教室地面、儿童寄托情况这4个因素是儿童蛲虫感染的危险因素。结论重庆市农村儿童蛲虫感染率高于城市,低年龄段、寄托、农村地区、教室环境较差的儿童应作为防治重点对象。 Objective To understand the prevalence of pinworm infection in children aged 3 ~ 12 years in Chongqing and to analyze its influencing factors. Methods One district in urban and rural areas of Chongqing was chosen as the investigation point. One township (town and street) was selected according to east, west, south and north, and each county (town and street) Children aged as a survey. Using a round bottom tube transparent adhesive tape anal swab, qualitative examination of the worm eggs. At the same time, their personal hygiene, parents’ educational level and other factors were investigated. Results The prevalence of pinworm in 1 592 children was 6.85%. The infection rates of male and female were 6.29% and 7.40% respectively. The infection rates in urban area and rural areas were 2.14% and 12.13% respectively. The infection rate was the highest in 5-7 years old group, Is 13.56%. The prevalence of pinworm infection among children of different ages and regions, parents’ educational level and occupation, whether to wash their hands before and after meals, floor of the classroom and whether they were pinned were significantly different (P <0.01 or P <0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the four factors of age, area, classroom ground and childrearing were the risk factors for the infection of pinworm in children. Conclusion The prevalence of pinworm infection in rural children in Chongqing is higher than that in urban areas. Children of low age, sustenance, rural areas and poor classroom environment should be the focus of prevention and treatment.