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目的探讨铝电解职业人群认知功能减退和周围血全基因组甲基化改变之间的关系。方法采用横断面调查方法,以366名从事铝电解作业10年以上的工人为铝接触组,以102名面粉厂工人为对照组。2组人群均采用简易精神状态量表(MMSE)评价认知功能,采集周围血检测血清铝水平和全基因组甲基化率。铝接触组人群根据是否检出轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)分为MCI和非MCI亚组。结果与对照组比较,铝接触组人群血清铝水平较高[中位数(M):48.99 vs 29.17μg/L,P<0.01],MMSE总分较低[(27.78±1.38)vs(29.10±1.77)分,P<0.01],MCI检出率较高(11.75%vs 2.94%,P<0.01),全基因组甲基化率较低[M:15.05%vs 17.01%,P<0.01]。铝接触组人群MMSE总分和全基因组甲基化率均随血清铝水平增加而下降(P<0.05)。铝接触组人群MCI亚组全基因组甲基化率低于非MCI亚组[M:15.53%vs 17.54%,P<0.05]。多元线性逐步回归分析结果显示,铝电解职业人群MMSE总分与血清铝水平呈负相关(P<0.05),与全基因组甲基化水平呈正相关(P<0.01)。结论长期接触铝可以导致职业人群MCI,其认知水平和铝接触水平及周围血全基因组甲基化水平均有关联。
Objective To explore the relationship between the cognitive decline of the occupational population and the changes of methylation of peripheral genome DNA in the patients with aluminum electrolytes. Methods A cross-sectional survey method was used. Among the 366 workers who worked in aluminum electrolysis for more than 10 years, they were in the aluminum contact group and 102 flour mills were in the control group. The cognitive function was assessed by MMSE in both groups. Serum aluminum levels and whole-genome methylation rate were measured by peripheral blood samples. The aluminum exposure group was divided into MCI and non-MCI subgroups based on whether mild cognitive impairment (MCI) was detected. Results Compared with the control group, the levels of serum aluminum in the aluminum exposure group were higher (median: 48.99 vs 29.17 μg / L, P <0.01), lower MMSE score was (27.78 ± 1.38) vs (29.10 ± 1.77), P <0.01]. The detection rate of MCI was higher (11.75% vs 2.94%, P <0.01) and the whole genome methylation rate was lower (M: 15.05% vs 17.01%, P <0.01). MMSE total score and whole-genome methylation rate of aluminum exposure group decreased with the increase of serum aluminum level (P <0.05). The methylation rate of MCI subgroups in the aluminum exposure group was lower than that in the non-MCI subgroup [M: 15.53% vs 17.54%, P <0.05]. Multivariate linear stepwise regression analysis showed that the MMSE score was negatively correlated with serum aluminum level (P <0.05), and positively correlated with the whole genome methylation level (P <0.01). Conclusion Long-term exposure to aluminum can lead to occupational MCI, and its cognition is related to the level of aluminum exposure and the whole genome methylation of peripheral blood.