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p38是丝裂原活化蛋白激酶家族中的成员之一,大量研究显示p38在能量代谢中具有广泛的作用。p38参与脂肪组织、骨骼肌、胰岛细胞和肝脏等组织、器官的能量代谢,这些组织、器官都是控制能量代谢的主要组织与器官。在白色脂肪组织,p38对脂肪细胞分化和葡萄糖摄取的重要作用是一致公认的,尽管p38对脂肪细胞葡萄糖摄取究竟是促进还是抑制至今尚未定论;在棕色脂肪组织,p38对解偶联蛋白-1基因转录起促进作用。在骨骼肌,虽然p38对葡萄糖摄取的作用仍有争议,但p38对骨骼肌细胞分化和骨骼肌线粒体生成的重要作用是非常肯定的。在胰岛细胞,p38似乎与细胞凋亡有关;p38还可能控制胰岛素原基因转录,但对胰岛素分泌无明显作用。在肝脏,p38在肝脏的糖、脂代谢中起核心作用,一方面,p38通过抑制肝脏糖原合成,增加肝脏糖异生,使血糖升高;另一方面,p38通过抑制肝脏脂肪合成、促进脂肪酸在肝脏的氧化代谢,从而抑制脂肪在肝脏的贮存;另外,p38还通过调节低密度脂蛋白受体基因表达和胆汁代谢对胆固醇代谢起关键作用。p38不仅参与心肌细胞的各种生理、病理过程;也通过影响单核-巨噬细胞、血管内皮细胞和血管平滑肌细胞参与动脉粥样硬化斑块的形成。
p38 is a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family. Numerous studies have shown that p38 has a broad role in energy metabolism. p38 is involved in the energy metabolism of adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, islet cells and liver and other tissues and organs. These tissues and organs are the major organizations and organs that control energy metabolism. In white adipose tissue, the important role of p38 in adipocyte differentiation and glucose uptake is unanimously accepted, although it remains unclear whether p38 contributes to or inhibits glucose uptake by adipocytes; in brown adipose tissue, p38 uncouples protein- Gene transcription promotes. In skeletal muscle, although the effect of p38 on glucose uptake remains controversial, the important role of p38 in skeletal muscle cell differentiation and skeletal muscle mitochondria is very positive. In islet cells, p38 appears to be related to apoptosis; p38 may also control the transcription of the proinsulin gene but has no apparent effect on insulin secretion. In the liver, p38 plays a central role in the liver’s glucose and lipid metabolism. On the one hand, p38 increases liver glucose by inhibiting glycogen synthesis and increasing gluconeogenesis in the liver. On the other hand, p38 promotes hepatic lipid synthesis by inhibiting liver fat synthesis In addition, p38 also plays a key role in cholesterol metabolism through modulation of LDL receptor gene expression and bile metabolism. p38 is not only involved in various physiological and pathological processes of cardiomyocytes, but also participates in the formation of atherosclerotic plaque by affecting monocytes - macrophages, vascular endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells.