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光绪年间河南的民间救济以乡绅为主体,究其原因,主要与乡绅强烈的济事观和经济实力,以及灾荒时的非常状况、客观形势有关。民间救济的特点表现为乡绅成为衔接官方、江南义绅及民众的桥梁;施赈手段的多样性和有效性;救济程度的区域差异性;救济范围以亲族和邻里乡村为主。以乡绅为主体的民间救济在维持灾时地方秩序的正常运行上功不可没,但相对于沿海地区,河南民间力量则相对薄弱,在灾时作用有限。
During the period of Guangxu Dynasty, Henan folk remedies took the squire as the main body, and the reason was mainly related to the strong economic affair and economic power of the squire gentry and the extraordinary situation and objective situation in the famine season. The characteristic of the civil relief is that the squire has become the bridge connecting the official and the southern gentry and the public; the diversity and effectiveness of the means of giving aid; the regional disparity in the degree of relief; and the scope of the relief is mainly the kin and the neighboring villages. Civil relief with squire as the main body can not neglect the normal operation of the local order during the disaster, but relative to the coastal areas, the private power in Henan Province is relatively weak and limited in the disaster.