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传统的地下水资源管理往往只关注地下水位的变化,而很少考虑变化的水位会对区域生态系统产生什么样的影响。本文在生态水文模拟的基础上提出了一种基于生态水文学的地下水资源管理新方法。该方法耦合土壤水分与地下水位,考虑植物在水分胁迫下的蒸腾抑制机理,通过土壤水分亏缺与植物水分胁迫耦合水文过程与植物响应,进行基于过程的分布式生态水文模拟。利用模拟的植物水分胁迫因子作为一个生态指标,进行地下水开采管理。本文以延庆盆地为例,通过1981~2000年模拟,分析了地下水开采对生态水文过程的影响。定量的生态水文指标的建立与应用为地下水资源管理实践提供了有益的探索,但指标的生态意义、地下水位模拟的精度以及模型的不确定性问题仍然有待深入研究。
Traditional groundwater resources management tend to focus only on changes in groundwater levels, with little consideration of how the changing water levels affect regional ecosystems. Based on the ecology and hydrology simulation, this paper presents a new method of groundwater resource management based on ecohydrology. The method coupled soil moisture and groundwater table, considered the mechanism of plant transpiration inhibition under water stress, and carried out a process-based distributed eco-hydrological simulation through the coupling of hydrological and plant responses to soil water deficit and plant water stress. Using simulated plant water stress factors as an ecological indicator, groundwater exploitation and management. Taking Yanqing basin as an example, this paper analyzes the influence of groundwater exploitation on the eco-hydrological process through 1981 to 2000 simulation. The establishment and application of quantitative eco-hydrological indicators provide a useful exploration for the management of groundwater resources. However, the ecological significance of indicators, the precision of groundwater level simulation and the uncertainty of the model remain to be further studied.