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目的分析崇左市2000-2009年狂犬病流行特点和影响因素。方法用描述性流行病学方法对历年狂犬病报告资料进行分析。结果崇左市近5年来狂犬病发病明显上升,累计发病数是前5年的4.39倍。职业分布以农民最多,其次为学生,96.91%的病例分布在农村,<15岁及≥40岁发病数较多,夏秋季多发。Ⅱ级以上暴露的伤口占97.78%(88/90),伤口未作任何处理的占73.33%(66/90),及时、规范处理伤口的占1.11%(1/90);暴露后接种疫苗为5.56%(5/90),完成全程接种和应用被动免疫制剂进行免疫的均为0.00%。有资料可查的疫区,平均犬密度为11.70只/100人,犬免疫率为7.56%。结论崇左市养犬数量上升而管理滞后,患者暴露后伤口及时处理率、免疫率低是崇左市狂犬病发病的主要原因,应采取综合措施加强防控。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of rabies in Chongzuo from 2000 to 2009. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the rabies report over the years. Results Chongzuo City in the past 5 years the incidence of rabies increased significantly, the cumulative incidence was 4.39 times the previous 5 years. Occupation distribution to farmers, followed by students, 96.91% of the cases are located in rural areas, <15 years of age and ≥ 40-year-old incidence of more frequent summer and autumn. The wounds exposed above grade Ⅱ accounted for 97.78% (88/90), wounds without any treatment accounted for 73.33% (66/90), and timely and standardized treatment of wounds accounted for 1.11% (1/90); the vaccination after exposure was 5.56% (5/90). All immunizations with complete vaccination and passive immunization were 0.00%. There is information to check the infected area, the average dog density was 11.70 / 100 people, the dog immunization rate was 7.56%. Conclusion The number of dogs raised in Chongzuo has lagged behind. The rate of timely treatment of wounds after exposure to patients and the low immunization rate are the main causes of rabies in Chongzuo City. Comprehensive measures should be taken to strengthen prevention and control.