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渗透力是土力学中重要而艰深的概念之一。在分析渗透力现有成果基础上,首先辨析提出了相关的水力梯度定义和Darcy定律表述之间的协调性问题,从而明确了传统渗透力表述式中水力梯度的协调性定义方法;然后,基于力学机理较严谨的Biot固结理论并引入体力、广义有效应力原理和总渗流势方程等,分析提出适用于广义多孔介质(含土体)的广义渗透力的一种定义,即广义渗透力在力学上是广义有效应力系数张量与总渗流势梯度的点积,这区别于传统假说。在Terzaghi有效应力方程适用的范围内,广义渗透力可以退化为总渗流势梯度这一常见形式。还探讨了渗透力的其他力学性质,以及考虑渗流速度影响的广义渗透力改进途径。所得结论有助于拓展对渗透力概念的认识。
Penetration is one of the most important and difficult concepts in soil mechanics. Based on the analysis of the existing results of the seepage force, firstly, the problem of the coordination between the definition of the hydraulic gradient and the Darcy’s law expression is first analyzed and distinguished, and the definition of the coordination of the hydraulic gradient in the traditional seepage formula is clarified. Then, Mechanics more stringent Biot consolidation theory and the introduction of physical strength, generalized effective stress principle and the total seepage potential equation, analysis of generalized porous media applicable to the generalized seepage force of a definition of the generalized seepage force in the Mechanically, it is the dot product of the generalized effective stress tensor and the total seepage potential gradient, which is different from the traditional hypothesis. Within the Terzaghi effective stress equation, the generalized seepage force can degenerate into the common form of the total seepage potential gradient. The other mechanics properties of seepage force and the improvement of generalized seepage force considering the influence of seepage velocity are also discussed. The conclusions help to expand the understanding of the concept of penetration.