中子活化分析(NAA)是最重要的核分析技术之一。目前,国内和国际上绝大多数NAA实验室只能对小样品(mg～g或μL～mL)进行分析。本工作概要介绍大样品中子活化分析的原理,重点介绍了由于体积增大而带来的中子注量率自屏蔽、γ射线自吸收等修正因子的算法,以及对样品不均匀性的修正方法。 Neutron activation analysis (NAA) is one of the most important nuclear analysis techniques. At present, most domestic and international NAA laboratories can only analyze small samples (mg ~ g or μL ~ mL). This work provides an overview of the principles of neutron activation analysis of large samples, focusing on algorithms for correction factors such as self-shielding of neutron fluence rates and self-absorption of gamma rays due to volume increase, as well as correction of sample inhomogeneities method.