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目的：检测喉鳞状细胞癌组织中一氧化氮合酶（nitricoxidesynthase，NOS）的表达，并分析其表达与喉鳞癌病理特性的关系。方法：应用免疫组织化学技术对42例喉鳞癌，15例喉乳头状瘤，5例声带息肉组织中的iNOS，eNOS表达情况进行对比。结果：喉鳞癌中iNOS的阳性表达率为83．3％（35／42），喉乳头状瘤阳性表达率为40．0％（6／15），二者比较有显著性差异（x2＝9．47，P＜0．05）；eNOS在喉鳞癌组阳性表达为52．4％（22／42），喉乳头状瘤组为6．7％（1／15），二者比较有显著性差异（x2＝9．59，P＜0．05）；iNOS和eNOS的表达与喉鳞癌的临床分期无显著相关性（P＞0．05）。iNOS在低分化癌表达率为86．7％（13／15），在高分化癌为75．0％（12／16），但iNOS强阳性表达在高分化型鳞癌中为12.6％（2／16），在低分化鳞癌中为53．3％（8／15），其差异显著；eNOS在低分化和高分化癌中的表达率分别为73．3％（11／15）和31．3％（5／16），其差异均有显著性（P＜0．05）。结论：NOS在喉鳞癌有较高的表达，可能为肿瘤细胞间的异常介质信号，与喉癌的发生和分化有关，肿瘤组织内有新生血管形成，其血流由一氧化氮（nitricoxide，ON）调节，明确其作用机理，将可能为喉癌的生物治疗提供理论依据。
Objective: To detect the expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and to analyze its relationship with the pathological characteristics of LSCC. Methods: The expressions of iNOS and eNOS in 42 cases of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, 15 cases of laryngeal papilloma and 5 cases of vocal cord polyp were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Results: The positive rate of iNOS in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma was 83.3% (35/42), and the positive rate of laryngeal papillomatosis was 40.0% (6/15), the difference was significant (x2 = 9.47, P <0.05). The positive expression of eNOS in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma was 52.4% (22/42) and that in laryngeal papilloma was 6.7% (1/15) (X2 = 9.59, P <0.05). There was no significant correlation between the expression of iNOS and eNOS and the clinical stage of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (P> 0.05). The positive rate of iNOS was 86.7% (13/15) in poorly differentiated carcinoma and 75.0% (12/16) in highly differentiated carcinoma, while the strong positive expression of iNOS was 12.6% (2) in well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma / 16), poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma was 53.3% (8/15), the difference was significant; eNOS in poorly differentiated and well differentiated cancer were 73.3% (11/15) and 31 .3% (5/16), the difference was significant (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: NOS is highly expressed in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and may be an abnormal mediator signal between tumor cells. It is associated with the occurrence and differentiation of laryngeal carcinoma. Neovascularization is formed in tumor tissues. The blood flow of nitric oxide (nitric oxide, ON) to regulate and clarify the mechanism of action, which may provide a theoretical basis for biological treatment of laryngeal cancer.