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长期以来,人们熟记着马克思关于按劳分配的含义:“每一个生产者,在作了各项扣除之后,从社会方面正好领回他所给予社会的一切”,“以一种形式给予社会的劳动量,又以另一种形式全部领回来。”(《马克思恩格斯选集》第三卷第11页)根据劳动者劳动的数量和质量分配消费品。那么,是按照劳动者个人实际支出的劳动量来支付报酬呢,还是按照社会平均劳动耗费支付报酬呢?这就涉及到参与分配的劳动本身计量标准问题。在产品经济和商品经济两种不同经济形态下,劳动计量的标准是不同的。在马克思原来设想
It has long been known that Marx’s implication of distribution according to work: “Every producer, after various deductions, retrieves exactly what he has been given to society from the community,” “gives to society in a form that, The amount of labor is all brought back in another form. ”(Selected Works of Marx and Engels, Vol. III, p. 11) Distributes consumer goods according to the quantity and quality of the workforce. Then, is it paid according to the amount of labor actually paid by the individual or is it paid according to the social average labor cost? This involves the measurement of the labor itself involved in the distribution. In two different economic forms, product economy and commodity economy, labor measurement standards are different. Originally conceived in Marx