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胆道恶性肿瘤起病隐匿，恶性程度高，确诊时往往已失去根治性切除手术的机会。转化治疗可使初始无法切除患者有机会达到R0切除。但由于胆道恶性肿瘤高度异质性与复杂免疫微环境的存在，其转化治疗仍处于积极探索阶段。靶免联合治疗作为新兴转化治疗方式，对提高转化率具有重大意义。深入发掘靶免联合治疗的机制以及改进免疫微环境，极有希望成为未来胆道恶性肿瘤转化治疗的方向。“,”Biliary tract cancer has insidious onset and high degree of malignancy, and radical resection is often impossible when it is diagnosed.Conversion therapy can achieve tumor downgrading, so that patients who were initially unresectable have a chance to achieve R0 resection.However, due to the high heterogeneity and complex immune microenvironment of biliary tract cancer, conversion therapy is still in the stage of active exploration.As a new type of conversion therapy, combination of targeted therapy and immunotherapy is of great significance to effectively improve the efficiency of conversion therapy.Further exploration of combination mechanism and improvement of immune microenvironment are expected to become the future direction of combination of targeted therapy and immunotherapy.