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脱水的预防和纠正在腹泻治疗中占极重要地位,口服补液(ORS)疗法具有有效、简便、价廉、安全等优点,已成为主要的补液途径,是腹泻治疗的一个重要进展。ORS应用率在稳步上升,从80年代的50％逐步上升至近年的75％以上。1 口服补液疗法的原理 口服补液疗法是基于小肠的Na~+-葡萄糖共同转运的吸收机制。小肠微绒毛上皮细胞刷状缘上存在Na~+-葡萄糖的共同载体,只有同时结合Na~+和葡萄糖才能转运,即使在急性腹泻时,这种转运功能也相当完整。动物试验结果表明,ORS中Na~+与葡萄糖比例适宜,有利于Na~+和水的吸收。此外,溶液中含有一定的钾和碳酸氢盐,可补充腹泻时钾的丢失和纠正酸中毒。
Dehydration prevention and correction plays a very important role in the treatment of diarrhea. Oral rehydration therapy (ORS) has become an important rehydration route because of its advantages of being effective, simple, inexpensive and safe. It is an important progress in the treatment of diarrhea. The application rate of ORS has steadily risen from 50% in the 1980s to more than 75% in recent years. The principle of oral rehydration therapy Oral rehydration therapy is based on the intestinal absorption of Na ~ + - glucose co-transport mechanism. The common carrier of Na ~ + - glucose on brush border of intestinal microvilli epithelial cells can be transported only by combining Na ~ + and glucose at the same time, which is quite complete even in acute diarrhea. The results of animal experiments show that the ratio of Na ~ + to glucose in ORS is suitable, which is beneficial to the absorption of Na ~ + and water. In addition, the solution contains a certain amount of potassium and bicarbonate to compensate for potassium loss and correct acidosis during diarrhea.