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长期以来,许多人对碳酸氢铵持有偏见,认为它易挥发、肥效差,甚至把它看作是最次的氮肥。其实,这是不公平的。国内外的大量实验表明,碳酸氢铵与稳定性氮肥(硫酸铵、尿素)相比,不只是等氮等效的,它还有一些其他氮肥所不及的优点。 1.无酸根危害 据观察,连续大量施用硫酸铵、氯化铵,在土壤中会残留酸根,会使缺乏活性铁的水田酸化和“老朽”化,从而导致水稻早衰和降低产量。施用碳酸氢铵,在土壤中不会残留酸根或其他有害物质,长期施用也不会使土壤变酸或变碱。 2.不易被淋失 科研部门用直径10厘米、高15厘米的土柱做淋失模拟实验,在不同的土壤上,碳酸氢铵仅被淋失5～13％,只是硫酸铵和氯化铵淋失量的1/3左右,是尿素的1/10～1/15。 3.在水田上施用有优势 实验证明,在等氮量的情况下,水田施用碳酸氢铵的肥效与硫酸铵、尿素相等。上海农科院在水稻、玉米、棉花、油菜等作物上做的田间实验表明,水田施用碳酸氢铵的增产效果优于硫酸铵和尿素。在低温条件下,碳酸氢铵能明显促进稻苗早发,增加水稻前期吸氮量和氮素利用率。
For a long time, many people have prejudice against ammonium bicarbonate, think it volatile, poor fertilizer efficiency, and even consider it as the most nitrogen fertilizer. In fact, this is not fair. A large number of experiments both at home and abroad show that ammonium bicarbonate is not only equivalent to nitrogen, but also has advantages over other nitrogen fertilizers in comparison with stable nitrogen fertilizers (ammonium sulfate and urea). 1. Acid-free root hazards It has been observed that the continuous application of ammonium sulfate and ammonium chloride in large quantities in a continuous manner will leave acid radicals in the soil which will acidify and “degrade” paddy fields lacking active iron, resulting in premature aging and reduced yield of rice. Application of ammonium bicarbonate, in the soil will not remain acid roots or other harmful substances, long-term application will not make the soil acid or alkali. 2 is not easy to be leaching Scientific research departments with diameter of 10 cm, 15 cm high soil column leaching simulation experiment, in different soil, ammonium bicarbonate leaching only 5 to 13%, only ammonium sulfate and ammonium chloride About 1/3 of leaching loss is 1/10 to 1/15 of urea. The application of paddy field has the advantage of experiments show that, in the case of equal nitrogen, paddy field application of ammonium bicarbonate fertilizer and ammonium sulfate, urea equal. Field experiments conducted by Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences on crops such as rice, corn, cotton and rape showed that the yield increase of ammonium bicarbonate in paddy field was better than that of ammonium sulfate and urea. Under the condition of low temperature, ammonium bicarbonate can obviously promote the early emergence of rice seedlings and increase the amount of nitrogen uptake and nitrogen utilization in the early stage of rice.