很少有人会怀疑弗洛伊德的精神分析是二十世纪心理学的“第一动力”。精神分析作为一种人格理论,详尽地阐述了人格的结构、动力和发展,其内涵之丰富,目前还没有一种人格理论堪与匹敌。然而,内容的复杂、浩翰并不意味着必然得到普遍的接受,精神分析自从它兴起的早期阶段就遭到了猛烈的抨击。抨击的矛头主要指向诸如本我、无意识和恋母情结等心理结构。然而弗洛伊德坚信,人们终将发现他所提出的本我、自我和超我等结构是具有生 Few would doubt that Freud’s psychoanalysis is “the number one motive” of psychology in the twentieth century. As a theory of personality, psychoanalysis expounds in detail the structure, motivation and development of personality, and its rich connotation. At present, there is no comparable theory of personality. However, the complexity of the content does not necessarily mean that it must be universally accepted, and psychoanalysis has been severely criticized since its early stages. The attacks are mainly directed at such psychological structures as ego, unconsciousness and Oedipal complex. Freud, however, was convinced that one would eventually discover that the structures he himself, his ego, and super-ego, which he proposed,