自近百年前芝加哥大学开设第一个社会学讲座以来,任何国家对社会生活和政治生活问题的基础研究都不如美国那样的气魄和涉及那样广泛的范围。今天社会学家和政治学家的工作包括了全部纵向对象系列——从个人和小群体到复杂的组织、政党和国家。本世纪初美国人采用了欧洲先进思想、包括马克思主义的成果,在这一基础 Since the first sociology lecture was held at the University of Chicago nearly a hundred years ago, the basic research in any country on the issues of social life and political life has not been as breath-taking and as broad as the United States. The work of sociologists and political scientists today includes the entire series of longitudinal objects - from individuals and small groups to complex organizations, parties and nations. At the beginning of this century, Americans adopted the advanced European ideas, including the results of Marxism. On this basis