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目的以有机磷农药为模式化学物,计算中国居民,包括普通人群,以及2~6岁、7~12岁、13~17岁(男,女)和18岁以上(男,女)等6个性别-年龄组经蔬菜摄入有机磷农药的慢性累积暴露水平及其潜在健康风险。方法有机磷农药的含量数据来自2011年全国范围内采集的蔬菜样品(N=11 171),消费量数据来自2002年中国居民营养与健康状况调查数据。采用相对效能因子(RPF)法,以甲胺磷作为指示化学物,采用确定性暴露评估方法,计算全人群以及6个性别-年龄组人群12种有机磷农药的累积暴露水平。结果毒死蜱是蔬菜样品中检出率最高的有机磷农药,检出率为6.50%(726/11 171)。1.70%(190/11 171)的蔬菜样品中检出一种以上不同有机磷农药的组合。累积暴露评估发现,我国全人群平均暴露水平为0.49μg/kg BW,占指示化学物甲胺磷每日允许摄入量(ADI)的18.35%。高食物消费量人群(P95)的摄入量为1.28μg/kg BW,不同性别-年龄组人群P95暴露量范围为1.04~2.38μg/kg BW,均低于甲胺磷的ADI。个体分析发现,共有68例(0.10%)的个体摄入水平超过了甲胺磷的ADI。12种有机磷农药中,甲胺磷、乐果、甲拌磷、乙酰甲胺磷和杀扑磷对累积暴露的贡献最高,分别占总暴露的71.45%、6.03%、5.74%、5.46%和5.44%。结论中国居民经蔬菜摄入有机磷农药的慢性累积风险较低,不需要引起健康关注。
Objective To calculate the population of Chinese residents, including the general population, and 6 individuals aged 2 ~ 6 years, 7 ~ 12 years, 13 ~ 17 years (male and female) and 18 years old (male and female), using organophosphorus pesticides as model chemicals. Chronic cumulative exposure levels and potential health risks of organophosphate pesticides in vegetables by gender-age group. Methods The organophosphorus pesticide content data were collected from a nationwide sample of vegetables (N = 11,171) in 2011. Consumption data are based on the 2002 survey of nutrition and health status of Chinese residents. The cumulative exposure level of 12 kinds of organophosphorus pesticides in the whole population and 6 sex - age groups was calculated by using relative potency factor (RPF) method with methamidophos as indicator chemical and deterministic exposure assessment method. Results Chlorpyrifos was the most detectable organophosphorus pesticide in vegetable samples with a detection rate of 6.50% (726/11 171). One or more combinations of different organophosphorus pesticides were detected in 1.70% (190/11 171) vegetable samples. Cumulative exposure assessment found that the average population exposure in China was 0.49 μg / kg BW, accounting for 18.35% of the daily allowable intake of methamidophos (ADI). The intake of high food consumption population (P95) was 1.28μg / kg BW, and the P95 exposure ranged from 1.04 to 2.38μg / kg BW in different gender-age groups, which were lower than that of methamidophos. Individual analysis found that a total of 68 (0.10%) individuals consumed more ADI than methamidophos. Of the 12 organophosphorus pesticides, methamidophos, dimethoate, phorate, acephate and meglitin contributed the most to cumulative exposure, accounting for 71.45%, 6.03%, 5.74% and 5.46% of total exposure and 5.44%. Conclusion Chinese residents have a low risk of chronic organophosphate pesticide intake through vegetables and do not need to pay attention to health.