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目的了解哈尔滨市社区居民精神卫生知识的知晓情况及对精神疾病患者的态度,分析其影响因素,为进一步制定有针对性的策略提供科学依据。方法 2013年10-12月间采取分阶段抽样方法,随机抽取社区医生、患者家属及普通居民共计720人,就精神卫生知识和对精神疾病患者态度进行问卷调查,比较人群及居住地差异,并分析影响因素。结果回收有效问卷702份,有效回收率为97.50%;702名社区居民精神卫生知识的总知晓率为73.44%,社区医生知晓率(85.25%)显著高于患者家属(75.03%)和普通居民(72.34%)(P<0.05),城市居民(74.55%)高于城郊与乡镇居民(70.40%)(P<0.05);社区居民态度问卷的总得分为(34.26±5.84),不同年龄社区居民态度问卷总得分总体比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),表现为老年人显著低于中年人和青年人(P<0.05)。563名(78.77%)社区居民对精神疾病患者的态度有较好或包容的程度,城郊及乡镇居民对精神疾病患者态度的包容程度好于城市居民(P<0.05)。社区居民精神卫生知识的认知程度与对精神疾病患者的态度不存在相关关系(秩相关分析,rs=-0.01420,P=0.7078),在社区居民精神卫生知识认知情况的多因素Logsitic回归模型显示社区医生(OR=2.654,95%CI:1.082~6.508)、对精神疾病患者知悉者(OR=1.956,95%CI:1.373~2.787)、文化程度大专及以上学历者(OR=2.968,95%CI:2.176~4.049)对精神卫生知识的认知程度更好。在社区居民对精神疾病患者态度包容程度的多因素Logsitic回归模型中表现为老年人(OR=0.571,95%CI:0.363~0.900)的态度相对消极,对宣传教育满意者(OR=1.460,95%CI:1.093~1.951)、城郊及乡镇居民(OR=1.383,95%CI:1.008~1.896)的态度较为包容。结论 2013年底哈尔滨市社区居民精神卫生知识的总知晓率与国家精神卫生规划2015年的既定要求(即实现2015年知晓率80%的工作目标)还有一段差距。大部分社区居民对精神卫生的知识有较好或好的认知,社区居民对精神疾病患者的态度较好。文化程度、对患者的知悉情况、人群类别是精神卫生知识认知程度的影响因素,宣传教育的满意情况、年龄、居住地区是影响对精神疾病患者态度的因素。
Objective To understand the mental health knowledge of community residents in Harbin and attitude to patients with mental illness, analyze the influencing factors, to provide a scientific basis for further development of targeted strategies. Methods A total of 720 community doctors, family members and ordinary residents were randomly selected from October to December in 2013 to conduct a questionnaire survey on mental health knowledge and attitudes towards mental patients to compare differences in population and place of residence. Analysis of influencing factors. Results 702 valid questionnaires were collected and the effective rate of recovery was 97.50%. The total awareness rate of mental health among 702 community residents was 73.44%, and that of community doctors was significantly higher than that of their relatives (75.03%) and ordinary residents 72.34%) (P <0.05). The urban residents (74.55%) were higher than the suburbs and township residents (70.40%) (P <0.05). The total score of community attitude questionnaire was (34.26 ± 5.84) The overall score of the questionnaire was statistically significant difference (P <0.05), showing that the elderly were significantly lower than middle-aged and young people (P <0.05). 563 (78.77%) residents had better or more tolerant attitude to patients with mental illness, while suburbs and township residents were more tolerant of mental illness than urban residents (P <0.05). There was no correlation between the cognition level of mental health knowledge of community residents and the attitude toward mental illness patients (rank correlation analysis, rs = -0.01420, P = 0.7078). The multivariate logistic regression model of cognitive status of community residents mental health knowledge (OR = 1.956, 95% CI: 1.373-2.787), college education and above (OR = 2.968, 95% CI: 1.082-6.508) % CI: 2.176 ~ 4.049) had a better understanding of mental health knowledge. In the multivariate Logsitic regression model of attitude towards community-based attitude toward mental patients, the attitude towards elderly (OR = 0.571, 95% CI: 0.363-0.900) was relatively negative, and there was no significant difference between those who satisfied with publicity and education (OR = 1.460,95 % CI: 1.093 ~ 1.951), suburban and rural residents (OR = 1.383, 95% CI: 1.008 ~ 1.896) are more tolerant. Conclusion The total awareness rate of mental health among community residents in Harbin at the end of 2013 is still far from the established requirement of 2015 in the national mental health program (that is, to achieve the 2015 target of 80%). Most community residents have a better or better knowledge of mental health, and community residents have better attitudes toward patients with mental illness. The level of education, the knowledge of the patients, the type of the crowd are the influencing factors of the cognitive level of mental health knowledge, the satisfaction of the publicity and education, the age and the living area are the factors influencing the attitude towards patients with mental illness.