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目的快速评估玉树地震后救援工作的及时性和有效性,为今后制定救灾预案提供依据。方法 自制调查问卷,采用快速评估方法,通过现场访谈的形式开展地震后救援工作的及时性和有效性调查评估。结果 82.3%受访户需要了解防病知识,53.2%的受访户完全不了解如何防病。地震中有81户(65.3%)房屋倒塌,有31户(25.0%)房屋变成危房,只有12户(9.7%)房屋尚可居住。约有1/6的人一直未得到帐篷、食品和饮用水的供给。医疗救治、帐篷、衣物主要依靠政府机构(含国家事业单位)提供,而食品、饮用水初期主要依靠灾民自救。灾后3～14 d是资源到达的一个高峰时期。结论 灾后不同卫生需求的紧迫性随时间推移和救灾物资供给的补充而不断变化,应当采取不同的救援策略。
Objective To quickly assess the timeliness and effectiveness of the rescue work after the Yushu earthquake and provide the basis for formulating disaster relief plans in the future. Methods Self-made questionnaires, rapid assessment methods, on-site interviews conducted after the earthquake rescue work timely and effective investigation and assessment. Results 82.3% of respondents need to know about disease prevention knowledge, 53.2% of respondents do not know how to prevent disease. 81 (65.3%) houses collapsed in the quake, 31 (25.0%) houses became dilapidated and only 12 (9.7%) lived. About one in six people have been denied access to tents, food and drinking water. Medical treatment, tents and clothing rely mainly on government agencies (including state institutions) to provide, while the initial food and drinking water relies mainly on victims self-help. 3 ~ 14 d after the disaster is a peak period of resource arrival. Conclusions The urgency of different health needs after the disaster is constantly changing with the supply of relief supplies over time and different rescue strategies should be adopted.