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星载光电成像系统可实现对空间目标的有效探测,而探测距离是评价系统性能的重要指标。以太阳辐射特性和深空背景特性为基础,分别建立了几何成像因素、探测器灵敏度、信噪比和成像分辨率影响下的系统作用距离的数学物理模型,推导了系统作用距离的表达式,对作用距离与曝光时间、探测器像元尺寸、有效通光口径等影响因素之间的关系进行了数值模拟研究。研究结果表明,对于有效尺寸为2 m×4 m、平均反射率为0.3的平面目标,当光学系统口径为100 mm、焦距为500 mm、探测器像元尺寸为3.5μm时,系统对目标的最大作用距离为12 km,作用距离主要受成像分辨率的限制。研究结果可为星载光电成像系统的设计以及系统性能评估提供一定的基础。
Spaceborne optoelectronic imaging system can achieve effective detection of space targets, and detection range is an important indicator to evaluate the performance of the system. Based on the characteristics of solar radiation and deep-space background, mathematical and physical models of the system’s action distance under the influence of geometric imaging factors, detector sensitivity, signal-to-noise ratio and imaging resolution are established respectively. The expression of the system action distance is deduced. The relationship between influencing factors such as exposure time, detector pixel size, effective aperture and so on is studied numerically. The results show that for a planar target with an effective size of 2 m × 4 m and an average reflectance of 0.3, when the optical system has a diameter of 100 mm, a focal length of 500 mm and a detector cell size of 3.5 μm, The maximum effective distance is 12 km. The working distance is mainly limited by the imaging resolution. The results can provide a basis for the design of the spaceborne electro-optical imaging system and the evaluation of system performance.