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在漫长的社会历史发展中,印度音乐以其特有的传承方式将古老的传统演绎为乐文化①的产物。以宏观思维方式为依托分析当代的世界文化现象,印度音乐作为内心体验外化的一种手段,它是一种民族文化和宗教信仰的即兴表达。无论作为社会整体还是个人个体,这种文化中的音乐同样都以文化现象来表现和接纳,并与音乐本体的声音和创作表演者的世界观、价值观紧密联系在一起,与民族的生存和信仰、道德追求、宇宙思考等交融在一起。音乐置身于文化意义之中,它不是一种纯粹的艺术或者是一种娱乐方式而应该是与信仰融为一体的生命活动,一种因出自不同的生存环境而产生的独特的文化内涵和展表之意,并在积淀中化为文化形态而传承、完善。音乐作为语言它所呈现的思想内涵、引发的情感意识、刻画的内心表象都应该是在一个特定社会文化环境中发生,并产生一定的作用。音乐作为一种文化代表着一个民族的风格特征,同时也传递着其民族的创造和积累。在世界音乐中,印度传统音乐是人类古文明活生生的文化财富;而详尽可靠的资料是我们研究印度音乐的前提和基础。印度传统音乐与印度人民的生活已深深融为一体,并以自己特立独行的模式形成了异同它人的传承体系,从而使得印度传统音乐文化得到传承、延续和发展。印度传统音乐传承的历史模式是以政府(宫廷贵族)资助、宗教(寺庙)传承、民间(师徒)传承为主。由于印度南北方音乐体系风格不同,老师(古鲁Guru或者古鲁基Gurujee)的理论见解及演奏技法不同,因此各个门派风格林立,其传授方法也不尽相同。本文通过对印度传统音乐教育模式的阐释分析,从中探寻区别于西方音乐教育体系的印度传统音乐教育特征及其对这一模式的认知、反应、传承发展现状,同时,为构建具有中国特色的民族传统音乐教育体系提供借鉴。
In the long history of social history, Indian music, with its unique inheritance, interprets the ancient tradition as the product of the musical culture. Based on the macroscopic way of thinking, this paper analyzes the contemporary world cultural phenomenon. As a means of experiencing inner experience, Indian music is an impromptu expression of national culture and religious belief. No matter as a social entity or an individual, the music in this culture is also represented and accepted by cultural phenomena. It is closely linked with the sound of the musical noumenon and the world view and values of the creative performer, and is closely linked with the survival and belief of the nation. Moral pursuit, thinking of the universe blend together. It is not a kind of pure art or an entertainment way but should be a life activity that integrates with the belief. The unique cultural connotation and exhibition resulted from different living environments The meaning of the table, and in the accumulation of cultural forms into the heritage and improvement. As a language, the thought of music, the emotional awareness it causes and the portrayed inner appearance of music should take place in a certain social and cultural environment and play a certain role. As a kind of culture, music represents the style characteristic of a nation and at the same time it transmits the creation and accumulation of its nation. In the world music, traditional Indian music is the cultural wealth of ancient human civilization living; detailed and reliable information is the premise and foundation of our study of Indian music. Traditional Indian music and Indian people’s life has been deeply integrated, and with its own unique mode of formation of similarities and differences between its heritage system, so that India’s traditional music culture is inherited, continued and developed. The historical model of India’s traditional music heritage is dominated by the government (court aristocracy), religion (temple) heritage, folk (mentoring) inheritance. Due to the different styles of music systems in South and North India, the teachers (Guru Guru or Gurujee) have different theoretical opinions and playing techniques. Therefore, each martial art style is different and its teaching methods vary. Based on the analysis of traditional Indian music education mode, this paper explores the characteristics of Indian traditional music education which is different from western music education system and the current situation of its cognition, reaction and inheritance and development. At the same time, National traditional music education system to provide reference.