清代的乡兵及其对湘军的影响萧放清代中期，八旗绿营势渐陵夷，乡兵崛起。乡兵成为清代军制由世袭到招募，由“兵不私将”到“兵归将有”转变过程中的重要环节，为清末湘军乃至近世军阀武装的出现准备了组织模式。因此在考察清代军制时，不应忽视乡兵的历史作用。乡兵非国... The township soldiers in the Qing Dynasty and their influence on the Hunan army In the mid-Qing Dynasty, the Eight Banners of the Green Camp gradually became more prominent and the township soldiers rose. The township soldiers became an important link in the transition of the military system from hereditary to recruiting in the Qing Dynasty, from “soldiers not selfish” to “soldiers returning to the enemy”, and prepared an organizational model for the emergence of the armed forces of the Hunan and even modern warlords in the late Qing Dynasty. Therefore, when examining the military system in the Qing Dynasty, we should not neglect the historical role of countrymen. Country soldiers non-state ...