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目的:了解师范大学新生对艾滋病相关知识的掌握程度和态度,探讨针对该人群有效的艾滋病宣传教育方式,为学校开展预防艾滋病的健康教育提供依据。方法:采取整群抽样的方法,对某师范大学1 839名新生进行匿名自填式问卷调查。结果:调查对象中,对艾滋病血液传播、性传播和母婴传播知晓率分别为99.0%、98.9%、76.7%。但多数大学生不知道一些非传播途径,蚊虫叮咬不传播艾滋病知晓率比较低,女生比男生知晓率低(32.4%∶37.9%,χ2=6.000,P=0.014),和艾滋病病人共用毛巾、衣物不传播艾滋病知晓率只有69.4%。9.1%的师范大学新生认为自己处于感染艾滋病的危险中;同意艾滋病人应该隔离的占20.6%,愿意和艾滋病人共同进餐(食同一盘菜)仅有33.7%。获取艾滋病知识的主要来源于电视广播、报刊杂志及学校或老师,分别占85.3%、84.9%、82.8%。结论:师范大学新生对艾滋病传播途径的知晓率较高,但部分非传播途径知晓率仍较低,开展艾滋病相关知识宣传教育仍十分必要,特别是要加强艾滋病非传播途径知识的健康教育。学校应加强艾滋病健康教育的力度以提高对艾滋病的认识水平。
OBJECTIVE: To understand the mastery degree and attitude of freshmen in AIDS-related knowledge in Normal University and to find out the effective HIV / AIDS publicity and education methods for this population and to provide the basis for the school’s AIDS health education. Methods: A cluster sampling method was used to conduct anonymous self-administered questionnaire survey of 1 839 freshmen in a normal university. Results: Among the respondents, the awareness rate of blood-borne, sexually transmitted and mother-to-child transmission was 99.0%, 98.9% and 76.7% respectively. However, most of the college students did not know some non-transmission ways. The awareness of mosquito bites not spreading AIDS was low, the awareness of girls was lower than that of boys (32.4% vs37.9%, χ2 = 6.000, P = 0.014) AIDS awareness rate is only 69.4%. 9.1% of freshmen at normal universities think they are at risk of becoming infected with AIDS; they agree that 20.6% of AIDS patients should be isolated and only 33.7% of them are willing to eat meals together with AIDS patients. The main source of AIDS knowledge is television, newspapers, magazines and schools or teachers, accounting for 85.3%, 84.9% and 82.8% respectively. Conclusion: The freshmen of Normal University have a high awareness rate of AIDS transmission. However, the awareness of some non-transmission routes is still low. It is still necessary to carry out education on HIV / AIDS-related knowledge. In particular, we need to strengthen the health education of AIDS non-transmission ways. Schools should step up AIDS health education so as to raise awareness of AIDS.