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有很少几种药物能象口服避孕药那样,进行过彻底的研究。自20年前,口服避孕药在美国及西欧投入使用以来,这种药物一直是三大队列研究和许多病例——对照研究的课题。口服避孕药被认为和心肌梗塞、卒中及肝细胞癌的危险性增加有关,同时,也与对子宫和卵巢癌,盆腔感染性疾病,良性乳腺疾病,风湿性心瓣膜病和缺铁性贫血的预防作用有关。口服避孕药还倾向于使胆囊疾患的临床病例增多。将由于对普通非致命疾病的预防作用而得的益处同一些稀有严重的疾病的危险性增
There are very few drugs that can be studied as oral contraceptives. Since 20 years ago, oral contraceptives have been in use in the United States and Western Europe, the drug has been the subject of three cohort studies and many case-control studies. Oral contraceptives are believed to be associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, and hepatocellular carcinoma and are also associated with increased risk of uterine and ovarian cancer, pelvic infection, benign breast disease, rheumatic valvular disease, and iron-deficiency anemia Prevention effect. Oral contraceptives also tend to increase the number of clinical cases of gallbladder disorders. The benefits due to the prophylactic effect on common non-fatal diseases are attributed to the increased risk of some rare and serious diseases