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热分析模型是高空飞艇飞行控制模型的重要组成部分。为了构建正确的热分析模型,开展了高空实验艇地面温度观测实验。实验在地面进行,实验艇水平停放在外场实验场地上。实验中,在囊体外表面和内部气室内安装温度测试系统,用以观测飞艇在不同热环境条件下表面温度和内部气体温度在空间和时间上的分布规律。实验结果表明:①太阳辐射具有明显的方向性,囊体上表面不同几何位置上所接收到的太阳辐射通量受太阳高度角的影响较大,而受太阳方位角的影响较小;②地面长波辐射具有明显的漫射特性,囊体下表面对地面长波辐射的吸收几乎不受实验艇方向角和仰角变化的影响;③囊体表面和不纯净的氦气对太阳短波辐射的吸收比对地面长波辐射的吸收更强烈,从而在飞艇内部空间形成明显的径向温度梯度;④空气室的充放气过程对囊体表面温度和内部气体温度均产生显著的影响,充气过程会引起温度的上升,放气过程会引起温度的下降。
Thermal analysis model is an important part of high altitude airship flight control model. In order to build a correct thermal analysis model, experiments on the surface temperature of high-altitude experimental boats were carried out. The experiments were conducted on the ground and the experimental boats were parked horizontally on the experimental field. In the experiment, a temperature measuring system was installed on the outer surface of the capsule and the inner air chamber to observe the spatial and temporal distribution of the surface temperature and the temperature of the internal air under different thermal environments. The experimental results show that: (1) The solar radiation has obvious directivity. The solar radiation fluxes received at different geometrical positions on the upper surface of the capsule are greatly affected by the solar elevation angle and less influenced by the azimuth of the sun. (2) The ground Long-wave radiation has obvious diffusing characteristics. The absorption of long-wave radiation on the surface of the capsule under the capsule surface is almost unaffected by the changes of the experimental angle and the elevation angle of the experimental boat. ③ The absorptivity of solar radiation on the surface of the capsule and impure helium The absorption of the long-wave radiation on the ground is more intense, so that a clear radial temperature gradient is formed in the airship’s internal space. (4) The charge-discharge process of the air chamber has a significant effect on the surface temperature of the capsule and the internal gas temperature. Rising, deflating process will cause the temperature to drop.