通过复习过去5年里的有关文献,概括了HIV-1初期感染(2个月内)的临床、病毒学和免疫学特征。明确了HIV-1初期感染大多数有症状,表现为一种临床综合征,比1986年美国疾病控制中心提出的定义更具特异性且范围更广,并讨论了本病的诊断及鉴别诊断。认识HIV-1初期感染的临床表现,可以限制感染的播散,对控制艾滋病的流行和蔓延具有重要意义。 By reviewing the literature over the past five years, the clinical, virologic and immunological characteristics of the initial HIV-1 infection (within 2 months) were summarized. It is clear that most of the initial HIV-1 infection has symptoms and presents as a clinical syndrome, which is more specific and broader than the definition proposed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control in 1986 and discusses the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of this disease. Recognizing the clinical manifestations of the initial HIV-1 infection can limit the spread of the infection and is of great importance in controlling the spread and spread of AIDS.