论文部分内容阅读
阅读理解题是各地中考的必考题之一，分值至少在30分以上，篇数至少在三篇以上，选材范围广，题材体裁多样。题型多样，常见的有：选择题、判断题、改写题、填空题、翻译题和简答题，其中以选择题居多，并且绝大部分是四选一的单项选择题。既有对文章词句的理解，也有对文章细节的理解，还有对文章主旨大意的理解。那么当我们拿到一篇阅读理解文章时，如何来做这种选择性的阅读理解题，从而提高我们阅读的有效性呢？
首先，应快速地浏览一下文章后面所给的阅读理解任务。
其次，粗读全文，弄懂文章大意，特别注意每段的首句和尾句。
第三，复读全文，抓住细节。带着问题去复读，此时要注意用wh-questions及一些定义、数据和一些关键词句，初选答案。
最后，再读全文，核对答案，特别强调的是此时要慎改初选的答案。
例如2012年辽宁省沈阳市中考英语试题中的阅读理解B篇：
One day， Tom decided to play a trick on （戏弄） some people in his town. He was carrying a long rope. He stopped a man on the road.
Tom said， “Could you help me， please？” He explained that he was doing a project for school. He said that he was trying to measure （测量） the building， and he needed some help. Tom asked him to hold one end of the rope. “It’s just for a few minutes，” he said. The man was glad to help the young boy. He held the rope in his hand. Then Tom went around the corner.
Tom stopped a woman. He said that he was doing a project， and wanted to measure the building. He asked her to hold the rope， too. “Yes， certainly，” she said. She was glad to help the boy. She held the rope in her hand. Then Tom went away and left the two people.
The man and the woman could not see each other. They held the rope and waited for Tom. But Tom hid behind a wall and watched. He told his friend Ben. They both laughed at the two people. “They are very silly！” said Tom.
Then Tom’s Aunt Polly came up behind them. The boys didn’t see her coming. “You naughty （淘气的） boys！” she said. She smacked （打一巴掌） Tom and sent him home.
（ ）40. How many people are there in the story？
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
（ ）41. Tom stopped a man and a woman on the road because he wanted to ________.
A. play a trick on them B. try measuring the building
C. get help from them D. do a project for school
（ ）42. Where did Tom and Ben hide watching？
A. Around the corner. B. Near the building.
C. Behind the wall. D. Far from the road.
（ ）43. When Aunt Polly saw what Tom and Ben did， she was very ________.
A. angry B. excited C. surprised D. sad
（ ）5. Which of the following is the right order to show what happened in the story？
a b c
A. a； b； c B. b； c； a C. c； a； b D. b； a； c
我们可以通过下面的图示来理清文章脉络：
Aunt Polly （angry）]
由此，我们就能很顺利地知道文章涉及到五个人，所以第40题的正确答案为D；Tom在路上拦下这两个人的目的是“play a trick on （戏弄）”，在第一段的第一句话，因此第41题答案为A；通过第四段的第三句“But Tom hid behind a wall and watched”，我们得出第42题答案是C；在文章的结尾“She smacked （打一巴掌）Tom and sent him home.”说明Aunt Polly很生气（angry），第43题的答案为C；通过阅读全文推理可知图片的顺序是b、c、a，因此第44题的答案为B。
在平时训练时，为了提高阅读的有效性，我们应该：
1. 养成良好的阅读习惯，做到：多读、善思、勤记。
多读：有很多网站上都有把前几年的中考英语试题编为各种专题训练，如阅读理解专项训练等等。每一个地方的中考阅读理解试题的选材不同，体裁也不同，试题的形式不同，通过这样的专项训练，能有效的提高我们的阅读能力。有量的输入才有质的输出。
善思：我们还可以通过做阅读理解这样的专项训练，了解各地的中考英语动向，特别要注意本地前几年这样的专项训练，做到有针对性，从而提高阅读的有效性。
勤记：在阅读过程中要勤于记录文章中原汁原味的优美片段或语句，这对训练我们的英语思维是有巨大的帮助的。
2. 掌握技巧方法，提高阅读速度。
阅读时不要依赖词典，这样会影响我们的阅读速度和兴趣；也不要每拿到一篇文章就从头读到尾，这使你失去兴趣；不要一边读一边翻译，很快你就会感到枯燥无味的。要使用粗读、跳读、细读。方法掌握了，才有有效性。
粗读：掌握文章大意，抓主题、中心，预测文章内容，就像我们看广告、翻报纸一样。
跳读：就是为了寻找特定的细节。
细读：以句为单位，掌握文章全部内容，分析语言特点，推断作者寓意，边读边划出wh-questions的词语或句子，这可以帮助我们掌握文章的全貌，提高阅读的有效性。
总之，通过阅读这一重要手段，我们不仅可以大量地获取信息，扩展知识面，还可以增强语感，培养我们的英语思维。只要我们能在平时的训练中夯实英语基础知识，掌握正确的方法，提高阅读的有效性，我们做这种选择式的阅读理解题应该是没问题的。
首先，应快速地浏览一下文章后面所给的阅读理解任务。
其次，粗读全文，弄懂文章大意，特别注意每段的首句和尾句。
第三，复读全文，抓住细节。带着问题去复读，此时要注意用wh-questions及一些定义、数据和一些关键词句，初选答案。
最后，再读全文，核对答案，特别强调的是此时要慎改初选的答案。
例如2012年辽宁省沈阳市中考英语试题中的阅读理解B篇：
One day， Tom decided to play a trick on （戏弄） some people in his town. He was carrying a long rope. He stopped a man on the road.
Tom said， “Could you help me， please？” He explained that he was doing a project for school. He said that he was trying to measure （测量） the building， and he needed some help. Tom asked him to hold one end of the rope. “It’s just for a few minutes，” he said. The man was glad to help the young boy. He held the rope in his hand. Then Tom went around the corner.
Tom stopped a woman. He said that he was doing a project， and wanted to measure the building. He asked her to hold the rope， too. “Yes， certainly，” she said. She was glad to help the boy. She held the rope in her hand. Then Tom went away and left the two people.
The man and the woman could not see each other. They held the rope and waited for Tom. But Tom hid behind a wall and watched. He told his friend Ben. They both laughed at the two people. “They are very silly！” said Tom.
Then Tom’s Aunt Polly came up behind them. The boys didn’t see her coming. “You naughty （淘气的） boys！” she said. She smacked （打一巴掌） Tom and sent him home.
（ ）40. How many people are there in the story？
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
（ ）41. Tom stopped a man and a woman on the road because he wanted to ________.
A. play a trick on them B. try measuring the building
C. get help from them D. do a project for school
（ ）42. Where did Tom and Ben hide watching？
A. Around the corner. B. Near the building.
C. Behind the wall. D. Far from the road.
（ ）43. When Aunt Polly saw what Tom and Ben did， she was very ________.
A. angry B. excited C. surprised D. sad
（ ）5. Which of the following is the right order to show what happened in the story？
a b c
A. a； b； c B. b； c； a C. c； a； b D. b； a； c
我们可以通过下面的图示来理清文章脉络：
Aunt Polly （angry）]
在平时训练时，为了提高阅读的有效性，我们应该：
1. 养成良好的阅读习惯，做到：多读、善思、勤记。
多读：有很多网站上都有把前几年的中考英语试题编为各种专题训练，如阅读理解专项训练等等。每一个地方的中考阅读理解试题的选材不同，体裁也不同，试题的形式不同，通过这样的专项训练，能有效的提高我们的阅读能力。有量的输入才有质的输出。
善思：我们还可以通过做阅读理解这样的专项训练，了解各地的中考英语动向，特别要注意本地前几年这样的专项训练，做到有针对性，从而提高阅读的有效性。
勤记：在阅读过程中要勤于记录文章中原汁原味的优美片段或语句，这对训练我们的英语思维是有巨大的帮助的。
2. 掌握技巧方法，提高阅读速度。
阅读时不要依赖词典，这样会影响我们的阅读速度和兴趣；也不要每拿到一篇文章就从头读到尾，这使你失去兴趣；不要一边读一边翻译，很快你就会感到枯燥无味的。要使用粗读、跳读、细读。方法掌握了，才有有效性。
粗读：掌握文章大意，抓主题、中心，预测文章内容，就像我们看广告、翻报纸一样。
跳读：就是为了寻找特定的细节。
细读：以句为单位，掌握文章全部内容，分析语言特点，推断作者寓意，边读边划出wh-questions的词语或句子，这可以帮助我们掌握文章的全貌，提高阅读的有效性。
总之，通过阅读这一重要手段，我们不仅可以大量地获取信息，扩展知识面，还可以增强语感，培养我们的英语思维。只要我们能在平时的训练中夯实英语基础知识，掌握正确的方法，提高阅读的有效性，我们做这种选择式的阅读理解题应该是没问题的。