为明确我国油茶炭疽病病原菌的种类,对采集自我国6个省市油茶产区的炭疽病样本进行病原菌分离,通过形态学特征并结合多基因谱系分析方法构建系统发育树进行比较分析。结果表明共分离到能引起油茶叶出现炭疽病症状的病原菌23株。病原菌在PDA培养基上28℃培养7 d后,菌落圆形,初期白色,逐渐变为灰色,最终为灰黑色;分生孢子堆橘黄色,分生孢子椭圆形、单胞、无色,大小为(16.8±0.7)μm×(5.7±0.4)μm;菌丝附着孢椭圆形,褐色,边缘光滑、完整,大小为(9.5±1.5)μm×(6.1±0.6)μm。多基因系统发育树显示,这23株病原菌与包括模式菌株ICMP18581在内的所有果生刺盘孢菌Colletotrichum fructicola菌株序列聚为一个进化枝,置信度高达100%。根据形态特征及多基因系统发育树,鉴定这23株病原菌为果生刺盘孢菌C.fructicola,为国内油茶上果生刺盘孢菌的首次报道。 In order to clarify the types of anthracnose pathogen of Camellia oleifera in China, the anthracnose samples collected from six provinces and cities in China were isolated from pathogens, and the phylogenetic trees were constructed through morphological characteristics and phylogenetic tree analysis. The results showed that a total of 23 pathogenic bacteria that could cause anthracnose symptom in Camellia oleifera were isolated. The pathogen was cultured in PDA medium for 7 days at 28 ℃. The colonies were round and white at first, then turned gray and finally gray-black. The conidia were orange, conidial oval, single cell, colorless, size Was (16.8 ± 0.7) μm × (5.7 ± 0.4) μm. The mycelia attached to spores were oval and brown with smooth and complete edges with size of (9.5 ± 1.5) μm × (6.1 ± 0.6) μm. The polygenic phylogenetic tree showed that the sequences of all 23 pathogens and all the strains of Colletotrichum fructicola, including the model strain ICMP18581, were clustered into one clade with a confidence level of 100%. According to the morphological characteristics and multi-gene phylogenetic tree, the 23 pathogenic bacteria were identified as C.fructicola, the first report of the spore-forming spores of domestic oil tea.