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目的 3种斑点分布(瑞利分布、莱斯分布和K分布)混合下的孤立性囊肿肾脏的超声仿真研究及性能评价。方法依据肾脏组织结构,分析组织散射点三维特点、超声斑点与组织散射点分布,得到瑞利、莱斯、K分布参数模型,建立组织散点模型。用FIELDⅡ软件对其进行超声仿真。选择45例经超声检查诊断为孤立性囊肿肾脏病变患者,其中男性20例,女性25例;年龄30~75岁,平均年龄51岁。随机抽取30例用于确定组织散射点模型的参数。其余15例用于后续仿真结果的定量统计比较分析。结果通过30例肾脏各参数进行超声仿真,用超声中心频率为5 MHz、换能器为128阵元的线性阵探头对超声射频回波信号经过包络提取、函数插值及对数压缩等处理得到仿真B超图像;同基于传统单一分布散射点模型的仿真结果相比,新方法仿真的肾脏肾髓质、肾皮质、孤立性肾囊肿及囊肿结缔组织回声与实际组织切片一致,也符合临床超声图像的表现。15例临床B超图像验证,仿真回声斑点的分布和各参数值与临床超声各参数一致性更好(P<0.01),最大相对误差为0.08,组织结构也更细致分明。结论混合分布构造散射点模型的孤立性囊肿肾脏超声仿真方法具有优越性,仿真效果更为逼真。
Objective To study the ultrasound simulation and performance evaluation of solitary cyst kidney mixed with three speckle distributions (Rayleigh distribution, Rice distribution and K distribution). Methods Based on the renal tissue structure, the three-dimensional characteristics of tissue scattering spots, the distribution of ultrasound spots and scattering spots were analyzed. The Rayleigh, Rice and K distribution parameters models were established and the tissue scatter model was established. Use the software of FIELD Ⅱ to simulate it. 45 cases were diagnosed as isolated cyst nephropathy by ultrasonography, including 20 males and 25 females, aged from 30 to 75 years with a mean age of 51 years. Thirty samples were randomly selected to determine the tissue scatter point model. The remaining 15 cases for the follow-up simulation results of comparative analysis of quantitative statistics. Results Ultrasound was performed on 30 renal parameters. Ultrasound echo frequency was obtained by envelope extraction, interpolation and logarithm compression using a linear array probe with an ultrasound center frequency of 5 MHz and a transducer array of 128 elements. Compared with the simulation results based on the traditional single scattering scatter model, the echo of the renal medulla, renal cortex, solitary renal cyst and cyst connective tissue simulated by the new method is consistent with the actual tissue section, and also meets the clinical ultrasound Image performance. 15 cases of clinical B ultrasound image verification, the distribution of the simulated echo spots and the parameters of all parameters and clinical ultrasound better agreement (P <0.01), the maximum relative error of 0.08, the organizational structure is more detailed and clear. Conclusion The method of renal ultrasound simulation of isolated cyst with mixed scatter point model is superior and the simulation effect is more realistic.