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惩罚性赔偿在美国合同领域的适用范围经历了兴起、扩张、回归的过程。美国大多数州只有在合同案件中存在独立于违约的侵权行为时才能对被告判处惩罚性赔偿金。有的州允许对特殊关系的合同或一般商业合同中被告违背诚信义务的行为适用惩罚性赔偿。美国合同案件中惩罚性赔偿的适用具有违约主体的强势性、违约行为道德上的可谴责性以及危害后果的开放性等特点。我国合同领域惩罚性赔偿的适用应突破消费合同的范围。惩罚性赔偿的数额不宜采用定额赔偿,应由法官依据一定原则自由裁量。
The scope of application of punitive damages in the field of contract in the United States has undergone a process of rise, expansion and return. Most states in the United States can only award punitive damages to defendants if there is a tort that is independent of the default in the contract case. Some states allow for punitive damages for breaches of fiduciary duties in contracts with special relations or in general commercial contracts. The application of punitive damages in the contract cases in the United States has the characteristics of the predominance of the subject of default, the moral condemnation of breach of contract and the openness of endangering the consequences. The application of punitive damages in the contract area of our country should break through the scope of consumer contracts. The amount of punitive damages should not be used for fixed compensation, the judge should be discretionary according to certain principles.