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目的了解广东省食用水产品中镉的污染状况及居民对水产品的消费情况,评估食用水产品中镉膳食暴露水平。方法采用单纯随机抽样方法,在广东省21个地级市和佛山顺德区各采集各类水产品样品60份,结合广东省居民水产品消费量调查数据,用点评估的方法评估居民对水产品中镉的暴露水平,并与FAO/WHO食品添加剂联合专家委员会推荐的镉暂定每月耐受摄入量进行比较评价。结果共检测样品1 325份,总超标率为5.4%(71/1 325),各类水产品中镉含量平均值范围为0.003 6~0.587 2 mg/kg,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。广东省居民食用水产品平均消费量为51.6 g/d,P97.5消费量为185.6 g/d。水产品中镉的平均暴露量和P97.5暴露量分别为0.99和7.75μg/d,其中贡献率最高为贝类,每日平均暴露贡献率为40.4%。水产品镉的平均暴露量、P_(97.5)暴露量的每月评估摄入量分别占镉暂定每月耐受摄入量的2.0%、15.5%。结论广东省食用水产品中存在镉污染超标状况,但对居民膳食暴露水平远低于健康指导值,经评估水产品镉膳食暴露不会对居民构成健康风险。
Objective To understand the pollution status of cadmium in edible aquatic products in Guangdong Province and residents’ consumption of aquatic products, and to evaluate the level of cadmium exposure in edible aquatic products. Methods Using simple random sampling method, 60 samples of various aquatic products were collected from 21 prefecture-level cities in Guangdong Province and Shunde District of Foshan City. Based on the survey data of consumption of aquatic products in Guangdong Province, Cadmium exposure level, and with the FAO / WHO Joint Commission of Experts on Food Additives Recommended provisional exposure to cadmium monthly comparative assessment. Results A total of 1 325 samples were tested, with the total exceeding standard rate of 5.4% (71/1 325). The average content of cadmium in all kinds of aquatic products ranged from 0.003 6 to 0.587 2 mg / kg, with significant difference (P <0.01 ). The average consumption of drinking water products by residents in Guangdong Province was 51.6 g / d and the consumption of P97.5 was 185.6 g / d. The average exposure to cadmium and P97.5 in aquatic products were 0.99 and 7.75 μg / d respectively, with the highest contribution being shellfish with a daily average of 40.4% of exposure. The average monthly exposure to cadmium and the monthly assessment of exposure to P_ (97.5) accounted for 2.0% and 15.5% of the tentative monthly tolerance of cadmium. Conclusions There is excessive cadmium pollution in the aquatic products in Guangdong Province. However, the level of dietary exposure to the residents is much lower than the health guidance value. Exposure to aquatic cadmium will not pose a health risk to the residents.