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以绥农14及其系谱中的亲本品种为实验材料,对14个农艺性状及分布在20个大豆连锁群上139对SSR引物进行分析,揭示品种间遗传多样性和遗传重组关系,为大豆新品种选育提供理论依据。聚类分析结果与品种间的亲缘关系相似,每个SSR位点Shannon-Weaver指数的分布范围为0-1．677;品种间的相似系数平均值为0．6380,变化范围为0．5380～0．7990。筛选出区分这些品种的最少SSR位点数为3个;如Satt543、Sat_130、Satt218。研究发现,连锁群中间区段重组率与两个末端区段重组率无显著性差异,说明连锁群上各区段的遗传重组是随机分布的。在139对引物中有39对引物在绥农14及其8个亲本间没有多态性,表明这些位点可能对品种改良具有重要作用;位于B2连锁群的Satt168是从祖先亲本紫花4号保留给绥农14的唯一的多态性位点,可见,经过5个世代的杂交重组和遗传改良,绥农14的遗传组成与紫花4号相比已经发生了很大的变化。
In this study, we analyzed 139 agronomic traits and 139 pairs of SSR primers distributed on 20 soybean linkage groups in Suining 14 and its pedigree parental varieties, revealing the genetic diversity and genetic recombination relationship among varieties, Breeding breeding provide a theoretical basis. The results of cluster analysis were similar to those of cultivars. The Shannon-Weaver index of each SSR loci ranged from 0 to 1.677. The average similarity coefficient among cultivars was 0.6380 with a range of 0.5380 ~ 0.7990. The minimum number of SSR loci screened to distinguish these cultivars was 3; for example, Satt543, Sat_130, Satt218. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the recombination rates in the middle of the linkage group and the recombination rate of the two terminal segments, indicating that the genetic recombination in each segment of the linkage group was randomly distributed. Among 139 pairs of primers, 39 pairs of primers had no polymorphism between Suinong 14 and its 8 parents, indicating that these loci may play important roles in breed improvement. Satt168 located in B2 linkage group was inherited from the ancestral parent Zihua 4 The only polymorphic site for Suinong14 is that the genetic composition of Suinong 14 has changed a lot compared with that of Zizhu 4 after five generations of recombination and genetic improvement.