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经典的马克思主义收入分配理论正在经受当下中国收入差距扩大的事实挑战。文章将机会不平等因素引入马克思主义收入分配理论模型中,利用反事实函数,通过Shapley分解,获得如下新的认识:(1)经典马克思主义收入分配理论与机会不平等理论具有一致性,这是我们进行理论创新的逻辑起点。(2)如果不考虑机会不平等因素,那么经典马克思主义收入分配理论的核心观点是成立的;但事实上,机会不平等对收入分配的影响在不同的所有制条件下都存在。(3)在我国,如果机会不平等对收入分配的负向影响大于公有制对收入分配的正向影响,那么所有制的优势将无法得到有效体现,收入分配差距扩大的趋势也将难以遏制。因此,只有切实地消除或减少各种机会不平等因素,才能充分地发挥公有制在收入分配调节中的优势作用。
The classic theory of Marxist income distribution is undergoing the factual challenge of the current widening income gap in China. The article introduces the factor of opportunity inequality into the theoretical model of income distribution of Marxism and uses the counterfactual function to get the following new knowledge through Shapley decomposition: (1) The theory of income distribution of classic Marxism is consistent with the theory of opportunity inequality, which is The logical starting point for our theoretical innovation. (2) If we do not consider the inequality of opportunity, then the core view of classical Marxism theory of income distribution is established. However, in fact, the impact of inequality of opportunity on income distribution exists under different ownership conditions. (3) In our country, if the negative impact of inequality of opportunity on income distribution is greater than the positive influence of public ownership on income distribution, the advantages of ownership can not be effectively reflected, and the trend of widening income distribution gap will be hard to curb. Therefore, only by effectively eliminating or reducing various inequalities in opportunity can we give full play to the superiority of public ownership in the regulation of income distribution.