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目的分析低剂量电离辐射对放射工作人员细胞遗传学影响。方法采用放射场所辐射剂量、个人剂量、细胞遗传学指标检测及流行病学横断面调查研究方法。结果射线接触组染色体畸变率(0.16%)高于对照组(0.04%),染色体畸变检出率(17.05%)高于对照组(5.1%),微核率(1.03‰)高于对照组(0.2‰),微核检出率(48.06%)高于对照组(12.25%),差异均有统计学意义(2χ=8.45,P<0.01;2χ=7.59,P<0.01;2χ=57.23,P<0.01;2χ=32.52,P<0.01);不同年剂量、累积剂量组染色体畸变率、微核率与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义;随着个人年剂量、累积剂量水平的增加,染色体畸变率、微核率、微核阳性检出率有增高趋势。结论长期低剂量电离辐射,对淋巴细胞产生的辐射效应导致的染色体畸变率、微核率的增加并与放射人员个人累积吸收剂量密切相关。
Objective To analyze the effect of low dose ionizing radiation on cytogenetics of radiation workers. Methods Radiation dose, individual dose, cytogenetic markers and epidemiological cross-sectional investigation were used. Results The chromosome aberration rate (0.16%) in radiographic exposure group was higher than that in control group (0.04%). The detection rate of chromosomal aberration (17.05%) was higher than that of control group (5.1% 0.2 ‰), and the detection rate of micronuclei (48.06%) was higher than that of the control group (12.25%) (2χ = 8.45, P <0.01; 2χ = 7.59, P <0.01; 2χ = 57.23, P <0.01; 2χ = 32.52, P <0.01). There were significant differences in chromosome aberration rate and micronucleus rate between control group and different annual dose and cumulative dose. With the increase of individual dose and cumulative dose, Chromosome aberration rate, micronucleus rate, positive detection rate of micronuclei have an increasing trend. Conclusion Long-term low-dose ionizing radiation has an effect on chromosome aberration rate and micronucleus rate caused by radiation effects on lymphocytes and is closely related to the individual cumulative absorbed dose of radiation personnel.