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随着中国经济规模的进一步扩张,来自粗放型增长方式的制约变得越来越明显。虽然自1995年甚至更早,中国就提出实现增长由粗放型向集约型转变,但收效甚微。为何计划经济时期业已存在的粗放型增长方式转变如此艰难,主要与中国计划经济时期经济增长的动力结构与分权改革策略有关。为了减少改革阻力,始自1978年的改革策略明显具有边际调整的特征,其最大特点就是,虽然做对了刺激增长的制度激励,但基于“分钱分权”基础上的制度供给也使经济增长动力进入了结构锁定状态。分权改革策略不仅未能为经济增长动力结构升级提供有效激励,而且在政治集权和风险大锅饭体制下,使粗放型增长方式被进一步强化。经验表明,要切实转变中国粗放型经济增长,必须突破基于再分配的制度激励,增加顺应市场的制度供给,以重塑经济增长的微观基础。
With the further expansion of China’s economy, the constraints from the extensive growth mode have become more and more obvious. Although China has proposed in 1995 or even earlier that the transition from extensive to intensive growth be achieved, it has had little effect. Why the extensive transformation of the already existing extensive growth mode in the planned economy is so difficult is mainly due to the dynamic structure of economic growth and the decentralization of power in the planned economy. In order to reduce the resistance to reform, the 1978 reform strategy has obviously the characteristics of a marginal adjustment. Its most prominent feature is that although institutional incentives to stimulate growth are used, the institutional supply based on the “decentralization of power” So that economic growth momentum into the structural lock-up. The decentralized power reform not only fails to provide effective incentives for the structural upgrading of economic growth, but also strengthens the extensive growth mode under the system of political centralization and risk. Experience shows that in order to effectively transform China’s extensive economic growth, it is necessary to break through institutional incentives based on redistribution and increase institutional supply following the market so as to reshape the micro-foundation of economic growth.