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Ecology源自18世纪的oeconomy,在其萌芽期就具有两种不同的向度。其一,自然是一个各种事物相互充足利用、高效的经济共同体——自然公司,林奈的“自然的经济体系”为代表。其二,自然是众生平等、互爱相处的家,怀特的阿卡迪亚主义为代表。两者相互影响又彼此对立。随着自然科学的发展和技术文明的兴盛,建立在人类中心主义和机械论自然观基础上的公司论占据了主导地位,家园论受到排挤。合理、有效的生态学应把家园论和公司论相关思想有机融合起来。
Ecology originated in the 18th century, oeconomy, in its infancy has two different dimensions. First, nature is represented by a natural economy, Linne’s “natural economic system,” an economic community where various things are fully utilized and efficient. Second, nature is the home of equal beings and beings in love with each other, represented by White’s Arcadism. The two interact and oppose each other. With the development of natural sciences and the rise of technological civilization, corporate theory based on anthropocentrism and mechanistic outlook on nature has dominated and the theory of homeland has been marginalized. Reasonable and effective ecology should organically integrate the theories of homelandism and company theory.