论文部分内容阅读
1948年本—琼氏蛋白(轻链二聚体蛋白)被发现以来,HCG、CEA、AFP、CA19-9等诸多肿瘤标志物相继出现,并应用于临床检查。随着Kohler和Milstein创建的单克隆抗体技术的普及,新的肿瘤标志物在不断产生。另外,其应用范围不仅限于血清诊断,而且遍及病理、细胞学诊断、核医学诊断和免疫治疗等多方面。但是,在血清学诊断上,单靠肿瘤标志物来进行癌早期诊断尚不可能,主要作为一种有力的辅助诊断方法,用于对进行性癌的辅助形态学诊断和疗效观察。也有例外的情况,对于胚胎细胞瘤的一部分疾病的诊断,肿瘤标志物HCG则以优于形态学诊断的可信度应用于临床。最近,已经能够应用单克隆抗体或基因探针对细
Since the discovery of this JJ protein (light chain dimer protein) in 1948, many tumor markers such as HCG, CEA, AFP and CA19-9 have appeared one after another and are used in clinical examination. With the popularity of monoclonal antibody technology created by Kohler and Milstein, new tumor markers are constantly emerging. In addition, its scope of application is not limited to serodiagnosis, but also in many aspects of pathology, cytology, nuclear medicine diagnosis and immunotherapy. However, in serological diagnosis, the early diagnosis of cancer based on tumor markers alone is not possible. It is mainly used as a powerful auxiliary diagnostic method for the diagnosis of auxiliary morphological diagnosis and observation of curative effect. There are also exceptions to the diagnosis of a subset of embryonal cell tumors, where the tumor marker HCG is clinically superior to the one that is superior to morphological diagnosis. Recently, it has been possible to apply monoclonal antibodies or gene probes to fine