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目的研究2009年云南贫困农村6岁以下儿童营养不良状况及其影响因素。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,通过问卷调查、体格测量、生化检测共调查1291名儿童,计算Z评分和营养不良率,用二分类变量Logistic回归进行因素分析。结果 2009年云南贫困农村6岁以下儿童生长迟缓率为13.4%,低体重率为11.5%,消瘦率为8.4%。儿童营养不良与出生体重、父母是否外出打工、添加辅食的早晚紧密相关,低出生体重(OR=2.947,95%CI=1.820~4.763)、父母外出打工(OR=1.282,95%CI=1.033~1.825)、添加辅食过晚(OR=1.892,95%CI=1.205~3.059)的儿童更容易发生营养不良。结论云南贫困农村6岁以下儿童营养不良状况不容忽视,是饮食、家庭环境、社会等多因素作用的结果,预防儿童营养不良的发生必须采取综合干预措施。
Objective To study the malnutrition and its influencing factors in children under 6 years old in poor rural areas of Yunnan in 2009. Methods A total of 1291 children were investigated by questionnaires, physical measurements and biochemical tests. The Z scores and malnutrition rates were calculated and analyzed by Logistic regression with dichotomous variables. Results In 2009, the poor growth rate of children under 6 years old in impoverished rural areas of Yunnan Province was 13.4%, the rate of low weight was 11.5% and the rate of emaciation was 8.4%. Children malnutrition and birth weight, whether parents go out to work, add food supplement sooner or later closely related to low birth weight (OR = 2.947,95% CI = 1.820 ~ 4.763), parents go out to work (OR = 1.282,95% CI = 1.033 ~ 1.825). Children who had food supplements too late (OR = 1.892, 95% CI = 1.205-3.059) were more likely to develop malnutrition. Conclusion The malnutrition status of children under 6 years of age in poor rural areas of Yunnan can not be ignored. It is the result of many factors such as diet, family environment and society. To prevent malnutrition in children, comprehensive intervention measures must be taken.