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言语行为理论是目前语用学中一个十分重要的理论,它是由英国牛津学派分析哲学家奥斯汀在20世纪50年代提出并不断地被补充完善。但是奥斯汀本人以及赛尔等人认为言语行为论用在文学上是有冲突的,因为它们的语言是虚构的。而普特拉,菲什,以及本文都主张言语行为论可以用来分析文学作品。因为小说的世界是基于真实世界而创造的,二者并不相悖。本文尝试用言语行为论来分析《红楼梦》中的对话,证明言语行为论可以用在中文小说当中。
Speech act theory is a very important theory in pragmatics at present. It was proposed and constantly supplemented by Austen, an Oxford-based analytical philosopher in the 1950s. But Austin and Purcell, among others, believe that the theory of speech acts has a literary conflict because their language is fictional. Putra and Fish, as well as this article, advocate that speech act theory can be used to analyze literary works. Because the world of novels is created based on the real world, the two are not contrary to each other. This article tries to analyze the dialogue in A Dream of Red Mansions by using speech act theory, and proves that speech act theory can be used in Chinese novels.