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酒精对全身器官均有损害,随着研究的深入,酒精性肺疾病逐渐被人们重视。基于酒精的挥发性和肺脏的丰富血供,酒精可以通过支气管循环从纤毛上皮进入到气道,汽化的酒精还可以沉积回气道随呼气再次被释放,这种重复循环使局部气道上皮细胞持续暴露于高浓度酒精下。酒精在肺脏的代谢分为氧化和非氧化代谢两种途径,氧化代谢产物乙醛可引起氧化应激,并产生大量的ROS和自由离子。酒精可影响肾素-血管紧张素系统,提高血管紧张素II水平,并引起内皮细胞应激。酒精还可降低肺脏内还原型谷胱甘肽含量,损害机体先天性和获得性免疫功能。本文将阑述酒精在肺脏的代谢途径及代谢产物对肺脏的损害,其引起重要的应激反应对肺脏均造成损害,是发生肺炎、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、急性呼吸窘迫征等肺疾病的重要因素之一。作者通过酒精对肺脏的作用机制,总结最新的治疗措施。
Alcohol damage to the whole body organs, with further research, alcoholic lung disease gradually attention. Based on the volatility of alcohol and the abundant blood supply to the lungs, alcohol can enter the airways through the bronchial circulation from the ciliated epithelium, and the vaporized alcohol can also be deposited back into the airways to be released again with expired air. This repetitive cycle causes local airway epithelium Continued exposure of cells to high concentrations of alcohol. The metabolism of alcohol in the lungs is divided into oxidative and non-oxidative metabolic pathways, the oxidative metabolite acetaldehyde can cause oxidative stress and produce large amounts of ROS and free ions. Alcohol affects the renin-angiotensin system, increases the level of angiotensin II and causes endothelial cell stress. Alcohol can also reduce the content of reduced glutathione in the lungs and impair the congenital and adaptive immune function of the body. This article will outline the metabolic pathways of alcohol in the lungs and the damage of metabolites to the lungs, which cause important stress reactions to cause damage to the lungs, which is important in the development of lung diseases such as pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute respiratory distress syndrome One of the factors. The author summarizes the latest treatment measures through the mechanism of action of alcohol on the lungs.