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为简单有效解决露天矿台阶爆破产生的粉尘污染问题,解决目前大多数露天矿台阶爆破水炮泥使用效率不够理想的现状,研究爆破扬尘机理和水炮泥-固体炮泥最佳配比.以抚顺露天矿台阶爆破为工程背景,运用气固两相流及爆炸力学理论,采用Fluent软件数值模拟与现场测试相结合的方法,实现对爆破扬尘污染的实时模拟.研究结果表明:冲击运动阶段及蘑菇云形成阶段,爆生气体急速膨胀,大量的粉尘在爆破冲击动能的作用下,冲入开放的大气空间,随后扩散阶段,粉尘在无风条件下运移速度很低.粒径60~100μm的粉尘沉降缓慢,粒径在40μm以下粉尘由于受风流扰动强烈,自然沉降困难.推导出水炮泥-固体炮泥配比公式,既满足爆破效果的要求,又达到良好的降尘效果.
In order to solve the problem of dust pollution caused by bench blasting in open pit mine simply and effectively and to solve the problem that the efficiency of blasting mud gun is not ideal at most open pit mines, Fushun opencast mine bench blasting is the background of the project, and real-time simulation of blast dust pollution is carried out by using the numerical simulation of Fluent software and the field test by using the gas-solid two-phase flow and the theory of explosive mechanics.The results show that: Mushroom cloud formation stage, rapid expansion of gas explosion, a large number of dust explosion impact kinetic energy into the open atmospheric space, followed by diffusion stage, the dust in the no wind conditions, the migration speed is very low.Particle size of 60 ~ 100μm Dust settling slowly, the particle size below 40μm dust due to strong disturbances by the wind flow, the natural settlement difficult. Derived from the mud-solid shotcrete formula, both to meet the requirements of the blasting effect, but also to achieve good dust effect.