本文试图通过对中国社会治理史的简要梳理,来揭示传统中国的乡村社会控制方式,既不是长期以来人们所认为的纯粹宗族自治,也不是新近研究所表明的“编户齐民”处于皇权的全面包围之中,而是一种以皇权为经、宗族为纬的交叉治理模式。而这一治理模式的可行性和正当性,与宗族所承担的社会控制功能有着内在的关联。 This paper tries to reveal the traditional social control of rural China through a brief review of the history of social governance in China. It is neither a purely religious autonomy for a long period of time nor a recent study shows that " Imperial power surrounded by a comprehensive, but a kind of cross-governance model with the imperial power as the passage, the clan as the weft. The feasibility and legitimacy of this mode of governance are intrinsically linked to the social control functions undertaken by the clan.