(一)向日葵杂种优势利用,仅有十几年的历史。1934年苏联首次发现遗传雄性不育性,1958年美国 Stubbe 第一个报导了向日葵胞质雄性不育系。1964年法国克勒蒙菲朗城育种站的勒克莱尔克用 H.Petiolaris 与栽培种杂交得到细胞核雄性不育系,法国和罗马尼亚育种家利用核不育系与花青甙连锁遗传标志性状于1967年育成了杂种。之后,在1969年法国又育成了细胞质雄性不育系。使向日葵杂种优势利用发展到实用阶段。杂种向日葵问世以来,取得了明显的增产效果。1978年与1960年比,世界杂种向日葵种 (A) the utilization of sunflower heterosis, only a dozen years of history. In 1934, the Soviet Union first discovered the genetic male sterility. In 1958, Stubbe first reported sunflower cytoplasmic male sterility. In 1964, Leclark, a breeding station at Kleinplatz, France, obtained a nuclear male sterile line by crossing H. Petiolaris with cultivars. French and Romanian breeders used genetic markers of genetic linkage between the male sterile lines and the anthocyanins in 1967 Year became a hybrid. Later, in 1969, France also developed a cytoplasmic male sterile line. So that the use of sunflower hybrid development to practical stage. Since the advent of hybrid sunflower, has achieved significant yield increase. 1978 and 1960 than the world hybrid sunflower species