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目前世界范围内支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)抗原免疫治疗(allergen immunotherapy,AIT)应用严重不足,而其是惟一可以改变过敏性疾病进程的方法。最新相关国内指南提出中-重度过敏性鼻炎合并轻度哮喘的患者推荐使用AIT;部分控制或即使得到正规治疗而第一秒用力呼气量占预计值百分比<70%的哮喘患者禁用AIT。AIT与单纯对症治疗相比节省费用,无论短期还是长期其安全性好。哮喘AIT可以选择皮下和舌下免疫治疗,但与传统的皮下免疫治疗相比,多种变应原的舌下免疫治疗无效。AIT还可以选择经淋巴结免疫治疗,但主要针对草花粉过敏导致的鼻结膜炎患者。哮喘治疗需要重视AIT。
At present, allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is seriously under-utilized in bronchial asthma worldwide, and it is the only method that can change the course of allergic diseases. The latest relevant national guidelines recommend that AIT be recommended in patients with moderate-severe allergic rhinitis with mild asthma; AIT be discontinued in asthma patients with partial or even regular treatment of forced expiratory volume <70% of predicted value in the first second. AIT saves costs when compared to symptomatic treatment alone and is safe in the short and long term. Asthma AIT can be selected for subcutaneous and sublingual immunotherapy, but sublingual immunotherapy with multiple allergens is ineffective compared to conventional subcutaneous immunotherapy. AIT can also choose to lymph node immunotherapy, but mainly for the grass pollen allergic rhinoconjunctivitis patients. Asthma treatment needs attention AIT.