AIM:This paper describes the procedure of detection ofHelicobacter pylori(H.pylori)in bile specimens in patientssuffering from benign diseases of biliary ducts(lithiasiswith/without nonspecific cholangitis).METHODS:The group of 72 patients entering the studyconsisted of 32 male and 40 female(45 % and 55 %,respectively).Bile was obtained during ERCP in 68 patients,and during cholecystectomy in 4 patients.A fast urease test(FUT)to determine the existence of H.pylori in gastricmucosa was carried out for all the patients during theendoscopic examination.The existence of genetic materialof H.pylori was determined by detection of ure A gene bythe method of nested PCR.The results of this reaction wereshown by electrophoresis on 10 g·L~(-1)agarose gel in a bandof 256 bp.RESULTS:The majority of the patients included in our studyhad biliary lithiasis without signs of cholangitis(48 patients,67 %),whereas other patients were complicated bycholangitis(17 patients,24 %).Seven patients(9 %)hadnormal ERCP,forming thus the control group.In the groupof patients with lithiasis 26 patients(24.2 %)had positivePCR of H.pylori in bile and among the patients withassociated cholangitis positive PCR was detected in 9patients(52.9 %).Among the seven patients with normalERCP only one(14 %)had positive PCR of H.pylori.Ahigh percentage of H.pylori infection of gastric mucosawas observed(57 patients,79 %).It was also observed thatits slightly higher positivity was in the patients with distinctbile pathology:81% FLIT positive patients in the group withcholedocholithiasis alone and 76 % in the group withcholedocholithiasis associated with cholangitis.Seventy-onepercent of the patients with regular findings had positive FUT.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of H. pylori infection both in bile and in gastric mucosa in patients with benign diseases of biliary ducts does not show a statistically significant difference in relation to the prevalence of the same with the patients with normal ERCP. The existence of H. pylori infection possibly does not play a role in pathogenesis of benign biliary diseases. AIM: This paper describes the procedure of detection ofHelicobacter pylori (H.pylori) in bile specimens in patientssuffering from benign diseases of biliary ducts (lithiasiswith / without nonspecific cholangitis) .METHODS: The group of 72 patients entering the study reconstructed of 32 male and 40 (45% and 55%, respectively). Bile was obtained during ERCP in 68 patients, and during cholecystectomy in 4 patients. A fast urease test (FUT) to determine the existence of H. pylori in gastric mucosa was carried out for all the patients during the endoscopic examination. The existence of genetic material of H. pylori was determined by detection of ure A gene by the method of nested PCR. The results of this reaction wereshown by electrophoresis on 10 g · L -1 agarose gel in a bandof 256 bp.RESULTS: The majority of the patients included in our studyhad biliary lithiasis without signs of cholangitis (48 patients, 67%), while other patients were complicated by cholangitis (17 patients, 24%). Seven patients (9%) hadnorma The ERCP, forming thus the control group. the group of patients with lithiasis 26 patients (24.2%) had positive PCR of H. pylori in bile and among the patients withachociated cholangitis positive PCR was detected in 9patients (52.9%). Among the seven patients had was PCR positive for H. pylori. Anhigh percentage of H. pylori infection of gastric mucosawas observed (57 patients, 79%). It was also observed thatits slightly higher positivity was in the patients with distinctbile pathology : 81% FLIT positive patients in the group withcholedocholithiasis alone and 76% in the group withcholedocholithiasis associated with cholangitis. Seventy-one percent of the patients with regular findings had positive FUT. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of H. pylori infection both in bile and in gastric mucosa in patients with benign diseases of biliary ducts does not show a significant significant difference in relation to the prevalence of the same with the patients with normal ERCP. The existence of H. pylori infection possibly does not play a role in pathogenesis of benign biliary diseases.