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目的研究我国西沙群岛吸血昆虫的种群动态以及鼠形动物病原感染情况,为当地传染病防控提供资料。方法2014年1月至7月在西沙群岛的永兴岛和石岛以灯诱法诱捕昆虫,每个月2次。结合形态和分子特征对昆虫进行种类鉴定并统计种群数量。用胶体金试剂条和PCR检测鼠形动物的常见病原感染情况,依据形态学初步鉴定鼠形动物体外寄生虫。结果西沙群岛的吸血昆虫中,库蚊、阿蚊和库蠓为优势种群,蠓在4月密度最高(55.55%,6 984/12 573),并在西沙群岛采集到贝氏司蛉(n=11)。鼠形动物血清中A型金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素和A型肉毒毒素的阳性检出率分别为3.45%(1/29)和14.00%(7/50),鼠疫和立克次体病抗体均为阴性。巢氏PCR扩增70只鼠形动物的立克次体Sta58基因片段,阳性率为11.43%(8/70)。获得鼠形动物体外寄生虫共248个个体,其中革螨占93.55%(232/248)。结论吸血昆虫在西沙群岛未见明显的种群动态变化,本研究首次记述了西沙群岛的白蛉;鼠形动物中恙虫病立克次体和2种细菌的毒素携带率较高。
Objective To study the population dynamics of bloodsucking insects in the Xisha Islands of the Xisha Islands and the pathogen infection in rats in order to provide information for the prevention and control of local infectious diseases. Methods From January to July 2014, insects were trapped by light-induced method in Yongxing Island and Shidao of the Xisha Islands twice a month. According to morphological and molecular characteristics, insect species were identified and population numbers were calculated. The colony gold reagent strips and PCR were used to detect the common pathogen infection of the mouse-shaped animals and the preliminary identification of the ectoparasites of the mouse-shaped animals according to the morphology. Results Among the blood-sucking insects in the Xisha Islands, Culex pipiens pallens, Aristolochia mosellari and Culico mosti was the dominant species, with the highest density in April (55.55%, 6 984/12 573) and the Beauceria spp. Collected in the Xisha Islands (n = 11). The positive rates of serotype A Staphylococcal enterotoxins and botulinum toxin type A in rat serum were 3.45% (1/29) and 14.00% (7/50), respectively. The plague and rickety’s disease antibodies All negative. Nestin PCR amplification of 70 rodent Stardhoes Sta58 gene fragment, the positive rate was 11.43% (8/70). A total of 248 ectoparasites were obtained, accounting for 93.55% of them (232/248). Conclusion There is no obvious population dynamics of the bloodsucking insects in the Xisha Islands. In this study, the white sandworm of the Xisha Islands was first recorded. The toxoplasma of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi and two kinds of bacteria in the rodent animals were higher in the carrier rate.